Serum Levels of the Adipokine Progranulin Depend on Renal Function

Abstract

OBJECTIVEProgranulin has recently been introduced as a novel adipokine inducing insulin resistance and obesity. In the current study, we investigated renal elimination, as well as association of the adipokine with markers of the metabolic syndrome.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSProgranulin serum levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated to anthropometric and biochemical parameters of renal function and glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation, in 532 patients with stages 1–5 of chronic kidney disease (CKD).RESULTSMedian serum progranulin levels adjusted for age, sex, and BMI were significantly different between CKD stages with highest values detectable in stage 5 (stage 1, 58.3 µg/L; stage 2, 63.0 µg/L; stage 3, 65.4 µg/L; stage 4, 68.8 µg/L; and stage 5, 90.6 µg/L). Furthermore, CKD stage was the strongest independent predictor of circulating progranulin in our cohort. In addition, high-sensitivity interleukin-6 and adiponectin remained significantly and independently correlated with the adipokine.CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrate that progranulin serum levels increase with deteriorating renal function. These findings are in accordance with the hypothesis that renal clearance is a major elimination route for circulating progranulin. Furthermore, the adipokine is positively and independently associated with markers of inflammation and adiponectin.

Serum levels of the adipokine Pref-1 in gestational diabetes mellitus

“…These and our data suggest that makers of renal function should always be included in studies investigation Pref-1 regulation and physiology. Furthermore, they support previous findings from our group demonstrating that various adipokines are positively and independently related to renal function [20][21][22][23].…”

Serum levels of the myokine irisin in relation to metabolic and renal function

“…The study design has recently been described (5). In brief, for this cross-sectional study, 532 patients (men, nZ305 and women, nZ227) were consecutively recruited by four nephrology care units including the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig; KfH Renal Unit, Division of Nephrology, Hospital St Georg, Leipzig; and two Outpatient Care Units in Leipzig (Dialysepraxis Leipzig-Zentrum and Leipzig-Burghausen).…”

Administration of progranulin (PGRN) triggers ER stress and impairs insulin sensitivity via PERK-eIF2α-dependent manner

“…[1][2][3][4] Recently, PGRN has emerges as a novel regulator associated with proinflammatory properties and insulin resistance. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Specifically, PGRN-deficient mice exhibited resistant to diet-induced obesity and insulin insensitivity through the modulation of inflammation, whereas adipocytes exposed to PGRN have increased susceptibility to be insulin-resistant. 7 Moreover, circulating PGRN is significantly higher in clinical subjects with type 2 diabetes and positively correlated with macrophage infiltration in omental adipose tissue.…”

“…9,11,12 In particular, PGRN is more highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue of the insulin-resistant patients with morbid obesity than in their age-, sex-and BMI-matched insulin-sensitive counterparts. [13][14][15] Thus, PGRN may be an important modulator in a variety of glucose and energy regulation with specific effect on target tissues.…”