Serum levels of RAAS components in COPD

Toru, Ümran; Ayada, Ceylan; Genç, Osman; Sahin, Server; Arık, Özlem; Bulut, İsmet

doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3970

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Alterations in local/systemic inflammatory response, impaired host immunity, microbiome imbalance, persistent mucus production, structural damage, and use of inhaled corticosteroids have been hypothesized to contribute to such risk [3]. With respect to COVID-19, levels of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the reported host receptor of the virus responsible of COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2), have been observed to be increased in patients with COPD [4,5]. However, early individual COVID-19 studies have not consistently reported a significantly higher rate of severe disease in COPD patients [6,7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Lippi

Henry

2020

Respiratory Medicine

347

249

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Lippi

Henry

2020

Respiratory Medicine

347

249

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“…The exact mechanism through which COPD makes people more vulnerable to getting COVID-19 or developing a more severe disease was not completely understood [ 98 ]; nonetheless, ACE2 expression was enhanced in the lower respiratory tract of the COPD patients and smokers [ 99 ]. Also, the impaired renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system caused acute pulmonary hypertension and edema [ 98 , 100 ]. Thus, these possible reasons make patients with COPD vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatic HLA Studies in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Review on Association of HLA Alleles with Preexisting Medical Conditions

Kesheh

Azami

Hosseini

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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After the announcement of a new coronavirus in China in December 2019, which was then called SARS-CoV-2, this virus changed to a global concern and it was then declared as a pandemic by WHO. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, which are one of the most polymorphic genes, play a pivotal role in both resistance and vulnerability of the body against viruses and other infections as well as chronic diseases. The association between HLA alleles and preexisting medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus is reported in various studies. In this review, we focused on the bioinformatic HLA studies to summarize the HLA alleles which responded to SARS-CoV-2 peptides and have been used to design vaccines. We also reviewed HLA alleles that are associated with comorbidities and might be related to the high mortality rate among COVID-19 patients. Since both genes and patients’ medical conditions play a key role in both severity of the disease and the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients, a better understanding of the connection between HLA alleles and SARS-CoV-2 can provide a wider perspective on the behavior of the virus. Such understanding can help scientists, especially in terms of protecting healthcare workers and designing effective vaccines.

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“…Significant inverse relationships between ACE2 gene expression and predicted forced expiratory volume for 1 s ( r = −[0.24 – 0.40]; P < 0.05) were reported ( 127 , 129 ), and higher ACE2 mRNA and protein levels in lung tissue were seen in moderate to severe COPD ( 128 ). Toru et al ( 135 ) discovered significant serum ACE2 level increases in 27 COPD patients. However, reductions in endothelin-1, which downregulate ACE2, were found during exacerbations of COPD, suggesting that ACE2 dysregulation exacerbates disease potentiation ( 136 , 137 ).…”

Section: Primary Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19: patients, comorbidities, and therapies

Pathangey

Fadadu

Hospodar

et al. 2021

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and the reality of the situation has finally caught up to the widespread reach of the disease. The presentation of the disease is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic carriers to critical COVID-19. The availability of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors may reportedly increase the susceptibility and/or disease progression of COVID-19. Comorbidities and risk factors have also been noted to increase COVID-19 susceptibility. In this paper, we hereby review the evidence pertaining to ACE2's relationship to common comorbidities, risk factors, and therapies associated with severe and critical COVID-19. We also highlight gaps of knowledge that require further investigation. The primary comorbidities of respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension had strong evidence. The secondary risk factors of age, sex, and genetics had limited-to-moderate evidence. The tertiary factors of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers had limited-to-moderate evidence. Ibuprofen and thiazolidinediones had limited evidence.

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Serum levels of RAAS components in COPD

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Bioinformatic HLA Studies in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Review on Association of HLA Alleles with Preexisting Medical Conditions

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19: patients, comorbidities, and therapies

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