Serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in non-pregnant women, during pregnancy, labour and abortion

Vassiliadis, S.; Ranella, Anthi; Papadimitriou, Lila; Makrygiannakis, A.; Athanassakis, Irene

doi:10.1080/09629359891199

Cited by 116 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with previous studies in rats, humans as well as in cows where some baseline constitutive production of cytokines takes place in normal mammary glands [7,23,56]. Similarly, proinflammatory cytokines have also been found in serum/plasma collected from healthy pregnant sows [59] as well as pregnant women [4,24,57]. The proinflammatory cytokines have been proposed to play a physiological role at parturition by being involved in the regulation of the parturition as such [13,29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Morphometric analysis of proinflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows suggests an association between clinical mastitis and local production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha

et al. 2007

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-Twelve healthy primiparous sows received intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli (serotype O127) during the 24-h period preceding parturition. Mammary gland biopsy samples were taken immediately before inoculation (0 h) and from the inoculated and the contralateral noninoculated glands 24 h after inoculation. The analyses of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by immunohistochemistry revealed that the production of these proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis (affected group, n = 4) 24 h after inoculation. This was also true for IL-8 in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that did not develop clinical signs of mastitis (nonaffected group, n = 8). Sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis displayed significantly lower constitutive production of IL-1β than did sows that remained clinically healthy. The data indicate that the development of clinical symptoms of coliform mastitis in the sow is associated with a locally increased proinflammatory cytokine production in response to intramammary E. coli infection.cytokine / immunohistochemistry / mastitis / pig / E. coli

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Morphometric analysis of proinflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows suggests an association between clinical mastitis and local production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha

et al. 2007

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“…Pregnant women are prone to blood coagulation and in presence of E4 allele this phenomenon is enhanced due to the lower capacity of this allele to metabolize lipid [7,11]. For a successful pregnancy there should be equilibrium between inflammatory agents and anti-inflammatory cytokine factors [21]. Interleukin 10 (IL10) is the most potent amongst antiinflammatory factor [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive association of Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian patients

Asgari

Akbari

Zare

et al. 2013

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Problem Numerous lines of evidence implicate Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) in lipid metabolism during pregnancy. Hence, a role for its polymorphism has been envisaged in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) considering major structural and functional differences between different Apo E genotypes. Method of study A case control study of 81 women with two or more pregnancy losses that did not have any other known risk factors including anatomic anomalies of the reproductive system, infections, immunologic factors, hormonal imbalances, chromosomal abnormalities and environmental factors was carried out. The control group consisted of 81 women with at least two healthy children and no RPL in their reproductive history. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood following written consent and Apo E genotyping was carried out by amplifying exon 4 of the gene and subjecting it to digestion by HhaI restriction enzyme. Results Genotyping was concluded by analyzing different fragment sizes produced, which resulted in finding significantly higher frequency of combined E3/E4 and E4/E4 genotypes in the patients (about 20 %) compared to the normal controls (2.4 %). The genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Conclusion Allelic frequency for E4 was 13.5 % in the patients and only 1 % in the non-RPL group. Our findings confirm and are in line with a number of similar studies carried out on other populations. Therefore, Apo E4 polymorphism seems to be contributing to the thrombophilic risk factors as a background to RPL.

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“…Although specific interactions take place at the level of the feto-placental unit, pregnancy is a systemic phenomenon that affects the whole maternal organism. Changes in peripheral blood and spleen correlate with pregnancy progression and have been suggested to predict foetal outcome [24,25,29]. Specifically, changes in the Treg populations were shown to be equally well represented in the spleen, inguinal, iliac, blood and lymph nodes [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of CD25‐Positive T Cells During Syngeneic Pregnancy: Production of Stimulatory Class II MHC Molecules

et al. 2009

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Various studies demonstrate that immunosuppression vis‐à‐vis paternal alloantigens may play a role for successful pregnancy. However, if this theory is true, the question that remains unanswered is how do syngeneic pregnancies manage to produce viable embryos. In allogeneic murine pregnancies immunosuppression is mediated by regulatory CD25+/Foxp3/CTLA‐4 T cells. In order to evaluate whether these cells also play a role in syngeneic pregnancies, CD25+CD4+ and CD25+CD8+ were isolated from spleens of pregnant mice and examined as to the expression of specific suppressive and stimulatory markers, cytokine and soluble MHC class II antigen production. Interestingly, the CD25+ cells and their products displayed an MHC‐restricted stimulatory activity on total spleen cell proliferation assays. Although the CD25+CD4+ and CD25+CD8+ cells expressed Foxp3, they lacked CTLA‐4, while expressing CD28. Non‐specific proliferative effect was shown to be mediated by IL‐3 and IL‐4. The MHC‐restricted proliferative effect; however, could be attributed to IAd molecules, which were detected in all culture supernatants of the T cell subpopulations tested and their elimination ablated the observed stimulatory activity. The detection of Ea, Eb1, Eb2 in addition to the Aa and Ab transcripts in these cells indicated the possible involvement of other class II gene combinations in this type of regulation. The results indicate that in the absence of paternal MHC alloantigens, maternal CD25+ cells are involved in the development of immunostimulation to ensure foetal survival.

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Serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in non-pregnant women, during pregnancy, labour and abortion

Cited by 116 publications

References 10 publications

Morphometric analysis of proinflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows suggests an association between clinical mastitis and local production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha

Morphometric analysis of proinflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows suggests an association between clinical mastitis and local production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha

Positive association of Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian patients

Characterization of CD25‐Positive T Cells During Syngeneic Pregnancy: Production of Stimulatory Class II MHC Molecules

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