Serum levels of copper and zinc in diabetic retinopathy: Potential new therapeutic targets (Review)

Dascălu, Ana Maria; Anghelache, Anca; Stana, Daniela; Costea, Andreea; Nicolae, Vanessa Andrada; Tănăsescu, Denisa; Costea, Daniel Ovidiu; Tribus, Laura; Zgură, Anca; Şerban, Dragoş; Duta, Lucian; Tudosie, Miruna; Balasescu, Simona Andreea; Tănăsescu, Ciprian; Tudosie, M

doi:10.3892/etm.2022.11253

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A recent review on the subject summarized that insufficient zinc as well as excessive copper levels are associated with increased oxidative stress levels, which can worsen microvascular lesions in DM. These abnormalities are correlated with the duration of diabetes and higher levels of HbA1C, as in our study [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Comparison of selenium levels between diabetic patients with and without retinopathy

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Aim: Diabetic retinopathy is a common ailment that causes visual impairment among adults, and evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to examine the potential association between selenium deficiency and an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This study was a prospective case-control study. 115 patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. The patients were divided into groups with and without retinopathy. No subgroups were made according to the level of retinopathy. The aim was to compare the serum selenium level of patients between groups. Therefore, other variables that may contribute to the development of retinopathy were also recorded. The duration of diabetes, medications used, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were recorded. The retinopathy group included 47 patients, and the non-retinopathy group included 68 patients. Selenium levels were measured in plasma samples. Results: The mean selenium level of the retinopathy group (70.11 [17.28] μg/l) was significantly lower than that of the non-retinopathy group (80.20 [19.10] μg/l) (P=0.005). The median duration of diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the retinopathy group than in the non-retinopathy group (10 [1-25] and 6 [1-21], respectively; P=0.002). Logistic regression analyses showed that higher levels of blood selenium were independent preventive factors against the occurrence of retinopathy (OR [95% CI]: 0.965 [0.939-0. 991]). The duration of diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for retinopathy occurrence [OR (95% CI): 1.131 (1.050-1.219)]. One unit increase in selenium level was associated with a unit decrease in diabetic retinopathy of 0.965 (0.939-0.991). Conclusion: Our research revealed a correlation between the duration of diabetes and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, a notable difference was observed in blood selenium levels between patients with diabetic retinopathy and those without it. Specifically, patients with diabetic retinopathy had lower plasma selenium levels compared to the control group. These findings have potential implications for the treatment or prevention of diabetic retinopathy, but more research is needed to determine the efficacy of selenium supplementation for diabetic patients with or without microvascular complications. Future studies should investigate the effect of selenium deficiency on different subtypes of diabetic retinopathy and the impact of selenium supplementation in this patient population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Comparison of selenium levels between diabetic patients with and without retinopathy

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Addition of extra zinc to the culture medium of HepG2 cells transfected with the promoter of the Glo1 gene was associated with doubling of promoter activity [ 26 ]. This finding may well be pertinent to the clinical literature correlating lower plasma zinc levels in diabetics with increased risk for diabetic complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cataracts [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. These findings, however, should be viewed circumspectly inasmuch as hyperglycemia impairs renal retention of zinc; diabetics therefore tend to be relatively zinc deficient, and lower zinc status in diabetics may thus be a marker for poorer diabetic control [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Nutraceutical Induction Of Glyoxalase 1 Expressionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress

McCarty

DiNicolantonio²,

O’Keefe³

2022

CIMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, driven by excess accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in cells that are highly permeable to glucose in the absence of effective insulin activity, appear to be the chief mediators of the complications of diabetes. The most pathogenically significant dicarbonyl stress reflects spontaneous dephosphorylation of glycolytic triose phosphates, giving rise to highly reactive methylglyoxal. This compound can be converted to harmless lactate by the sequential activity of glyoxalase I and II, employing glutathione as a catalyst. The transcription of glyoxalase I, rate-limiting for this process, is promoted by Nrf2, which can be activated by nutraceutical phase 2 inducers such as lipoic acid and sulforaphane. In cells exposed to hyperglycemia, glycine somehow up-regulates Nrf2 activity. Zinc can likewise promote glyoxalase I transcription, via activation of the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF) that binds to the glyoxalase promoter. Induction of glyoxalase I and metallothionein may explain the protective impact of zinc in rodent models of diabetic complications. With respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications, promoters of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP2 inducers, inhibitors of NAPDH oxidase, recouplers of eNOS, glutathione precursors, membrane oxidant scavengers, Nrf2 activators, and correction of diabetic thiamine deficiency should help to quell this.

show abstract

“…In order to delay the progression of DR, scientists have carried out many animal experiments and clinical studies, and have obtained some encouraging outcomes [ 156 ]. Many ROS scavengers and antioxidants, such as ubiquinone, lipoic acid, taurine, polyphenols, and trace elements such as zinc, manganese and selenium, have been proved to be able to improve the mitochondrial function of retinal ganglion cells and pigment epithelial cells, reduce hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, and thus slow down the progress of DR [ 30 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 ]. Exogenous L-carnitine and plant flavonoid quercetin can promote the expression of antioxidant substances such as GSH, SOD and catalase in the retina of diabetic rats, exerting anti-apoptotic effect and preventing diabetic retinal neurodegeneration [ 163 , 164 ].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy

Zou

2022

Antioxidants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, which can lead to blindness in severe cases. Mitochondria are energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells, which participate in metabolism and signal transduction, and regulate cell growth, differentiation, aging, and death. Metabolic changes of retinal cells and epigenetic changes of mitochondria-related genes under high glucose can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and induce mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. In addition, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics also change adaptively. These mechanisms may be related to the occurrence and progression of DR, and also provide valuable clues for the prevention and treatment of DR. This article reviews the mechanism of DR induced by mitochondrial dysfunction, and the prospects for related treatment.

show abstract

Serum levels of copper and zinc in diabetic retinopathy: Potential new therapeutic targets (Review)

Cited by 15 publications

References 78 publications

Comparison of selenium levels between diabetic patients with and without retinopathy

Comparison of selenium levels between diabetic patients with and without retinopathy

Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress

Research Progress on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About