Serum Levels of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 2 and 4 in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background: Bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and -4 (BMPs) have been implicated in left ventricular remodeling (LVR) processes such as an inflammation and fibrogenesis. We hypothesized that this knowledge could be translated into clinics. Methods: We studied the dynamics of serum levels of BMPs, its correlation with markers of LVR and with parameters of echocardiography in patients (n = 31) during the six-month follow-up period after myocardial infarction (MI). Results: Elevated serum levels of BMPs decreased by the six-month follow-up period. BMP-2 decreased from the first day after MI, and BMP-4 decreased from the Day 14. The elevated level of BMP-2 at Day 1 was associated with a lower level of troponin I, reperfusion time and better left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) at the six-month follow-up. Elevated serum level of BMP-4 at Day 1 was associated with a lower level of a soluble isoform of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), age and reperfusion time. An elevated level of BMP-2 at the six-month follow-up was associated with higher levels of BMP-4, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hCRP) and sST2. High serum level of BMP-2 correlated with high levels of hCRP and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 on Day 7. High serum level of BMP-4 correlated with low levels of hCRP, MMP-9 at Day 3, sST2 at Day 1 and with decreased LV EF on Day 7. The findings of multivariate analysis support the involvement of BMP-2 in the development of post-infarction LVR. Conclusions: Our research translates experimental data about the BMPs in the development of adverse LVR into the clinic. Elevated serum levels of BMPs decreased by the end of the six-month period after MI. BMP-2 decreased from the first day and BMP-4 decreased from Day 14. BMP-2 and BMP-4 were associated with the development of LVR. Their correlations with markers of inflammation, degradation of the extracellular matrix, hemodynamic stress and markers of myocardial damage further support our hypothesis. Diagnostic and predictive values of these BMPs at the development of post-infarction LVR in vivo should be investigated further.

The Relationship Between Circulating Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 and Inflammation Cytokines in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study

“…One research reported that patients’ BMP4 serum levels were elevated after myocardial infarction. 27 The BMP4 elevation lasted for about 14 days and was correlated with left ventricular remodeling. 27 Another study furtherly proved that BMP4 plasma levels in patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were significantly higher than patients with stable coronary artery disease or healthy volunteers, accompanied by increased mortality and unfavorable neurological outcomes.…”

“… 27 The BMP4 elevation lasted for about 14 days and was correlated with left ventricular remodeling. 27 Another study furtherly proved that BMP4 plasma levels in patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were significantly higher than patients with stable coronary artery disease or healthy volunteers, accompanied by increased mortality and unfavorable neurological outcomes. 28 Remarkably, the serum from patients undergoing myocardial infarction and post-resuscitation was found to induce endothelial dysfunction via activating the BMP4 signaling pathway and to exert pro-inflammatory properties in vitro.…”

Features of renal macrophage infiltration in patients with myocardial infarction

“…Нами было выявлено присутствие в тканях почек у больных ИМ мф как 1-го, так и 2-го фенотипов в ранние и отдаленные сроки ИМ. Известно, что макрофагальный состав почки в норме представлен в основном тканевыми мф, обладающими противовоспалительным фенотипом (М2) и осуществляющими функцию фагоцитоза и поддержания гомеостаза [17]. При истощении пула тканевых мф в результате ИМ происходит их пополнение пришлыми мф.…”

Features of the course of acute decompensated ischemic heart failure and/or ongoing adverse left ventricular remodeling in patients with identified human herpes virus type 6

“…Moreover, in case of the most common ischemic HF, there is a loss of LV function as a result of ischemic damage to the myocardial tissue and LV remodeling [5]. Chronic myocardial ischemia causes a vicious circle, activating compensatory neurohormonal and inflammatory mechanisms [6,7], leading to the progression of HF, and resulting in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The use of optimal pharmacological and surgical treatment improved the survival rate of patients with HF during the period from 1979 to 2000 [8].…”

“…Therefore, studying the inflammatory response as a fundamental link in the pathogenesis of HF and as the main component of HF decompensation is currently of a particular interest. The elimination of myocardial ischemia is not associated with a decrease in the incidence of HF whereas the proportion of patients with adverse cardiac remodeling remains high [7,8]. Over time, there was a transition of views in regard to chronic and physiological inflammation occurring in response to any tissue damage (myocardial ischemia, hypertension, etc.…”