Serum levels of BMP‐2, 4, 7 and AHSG in patients with degenerative joint disease requiring total arthroplasty of the hip and temporomandibular joints

Abstract

To date, there is no objective or reliable means of assessing the severity of degenerative joint disease (DJD) and need for joint replacement surgery. Hence, it is difficult to know when an individual with DJD has reached a point where total arthroplasty is indicated. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether serum levels of Alpha-2 HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) as well as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2, 4, 7) can be used to predict the presence of severe DJD of the hip and/or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (specifically: joints that require replacement). A total of 30 patients scheduled for arthroplasty (diseased) (15 HIP, 15 TMJ) and 120 age-matched controls (healthy/non-diseased) were included. Blood samples were collected from all patients !8 weeks after the last arthroplasty. Concentrations of serum analytes were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and these were compared between the Diseased and Healthy groups, utilizing the Mann-Whitney U-test. Patients with disease had significantly higher levels of BMP-2 and BMP-4 and lower levels of AHSG in serum compared to non-diseased humans (p < 0.01). Higher levels of BMP-2, 4 and reduced levels of AHSG appear to characterize patients who have DJD that is severe enough to require total joint replacement. Perhaps measurements of these proteins can be used to make objective decisions regarding the need for total arthroplasty as opposed to the current subjective approaches. ß

Role of fetuin A in the diagnosis and treatment of joint arthritis

“…It is suggested that the unregulation and likely the up regulation of the activity of TGF-β and BMP are likely to make MSCs in numerous joint sites to form excessive amounts of tissues of cartilage, bone and fibre, leading to fibrosis and osteophyte formation, characteristics of joint osteoarthritis. So, any imbalance between the factors above is likely to establish the degenerative joint disease (DJD) which with further progression may lead to the need of a total joint replacement[12]. However, the bone itself has a leading role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.…”

Bone morphogenetic protein use in spine surgery—complications and outcomes: a systematic review

“…Supposed carcinogenicity of rhBMP-2 that was suspected in 2011 [36] is definitively not supported by the largest retrospective study reported by Kelly et al [45] on half a million patients treated for lumbar fusion with and without BMP. As shown by Albilia et al [67], the serum level of BMP is highly correlated with degenerative joint diseases and therefore it is impossible to associate the use of one dose of BMP-2 that disappeared completely of the body after 1 week to be responsible of cancer. This is confirmed by Kelly et al's study [45].…”

Matrilin-3 Inhibits Chondrocyte Hypertrophy as a Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Antagonist

“…Although BMP-2 was generally thought to play a positive role in cartilage repair, recent data have shown its pleiotropic effects on cartilage hypertrophy and OA (43)(44)(45). BMP-2 has recently been shown to directly bind another cartilage ECM protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) (46).…”