Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) as a Tumor Marker in Ewing's Sarcoma

Bacci, Gaetano; Avella, M; McDonald, Douglas J.; Toni, Aldo; Orlandi, Maurizio; Campanacci, Mario

doi:10.1177/030089168807400606

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…LDH activity is used as a biomarker of cancer. [31] Decrease in LDH activity supports the anticancerous action of the present dose of DOX. The interesting finding is that this dose of DOX does not show adverse effects on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT, SOD, and GST.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

A low dose of doxorubicin improves antioxidant defence system and modulates anaerobic metabolism during the development of lymphoma

Verma

Vinayak

2012

Indian J Pharmacol

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Objective:The objective of the present study is to find low dose of doxorubicin (DOX) with cancer preventive activity and to check the implication of this low dose of DOX on antioxidant defence system during lymphoma growth in mice, as the clinical utility of anthracycline anticancer drugs, especially DOX is limited by a progressive cardiotoxicity linked to mitochondrial damage.Materials and Methods:We selected a dose of DOX (0.90 mg/kg body weight of mouse), which is about 20 folds lower than clinically used dose for cancer treatment. The cancer preventive action is monitored by modulation of anaerobic metabolism. The effect of this dose on antioxidant defence system is analyzed by testing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The activities of these enzymes were monitored at different intervals during the growth of lymphoma in mice.Results:The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT, SOD, and GST, were found to decrease gradually during the growth of lymphoma in mice. The anaerobic metabolism was increasing with lymphoma growth. We report that about 20 folds lower dose of DOX enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreases anaerobic metabolism during the development of lymphoma. These enzymes of antioxidant defence system suppress oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, whereas a decrease in anaerobic metabolism checks cancer growth.Conclusions:The result suggests that dose cumulative cellular toxicity of DOX may be avoided by treating cancer in animals with lower doses of DOX in combination with other drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

A low dose of doxorubicin improves antioxidant defence system and modulates anaerobic metabolism during the development of lymphoma

Verma

Vinayak

2012

Indian J Pharmacol

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“…Hence its decreased activity as noted in the present study is consistent with the decreased rate of glycolysis in EC-treated cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that the LDH activity is elevated in tumors [3,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Glycolysis and Respiration of Sarcoma-180 Cells by Echitamine Chloride

et al. 1998

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Malignant tumors are known to exhibit high rates of glycolytic activity leading to high production of lactic acid. Hence, neoplastic cells have elevated activity of enzymes responsible for glycolysis. Echitamine chloride, an indole alkaloid extracted from the bark of Alstonia scholaris, has been reported to have a highly promising anticancer activity against fibrosarcoma in rats. In the present study, the effect of echitamine chloride on energy metabolism of S-180 cells is investigated to have a better understanding on the mode of action of echitamine chloride. The effect of echitamine chloride on the mitochondrial and cellular respiration of S-180 cells was studied. Also, the effects on glucose utilization, pyruvate utilization and lactate formation were studied on whole S-180 cells and S-180 cell-free homogenate. The levels of glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were estimated in which particular emphasis has been laid on hexokinase which occurs both in cytosolic and particulate forms in neoplastic cells. Hence the differential effect of echitamine chloride on the levels of total, cytosolic and particulate hexokinase has been investigated. In conclusion, echitamine chloride affects both cellular and mitochondrial respiration, leading to reduction of the cellular energy pool and thereby resulting in the loss of viability of S-180 cells.

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“…In general, patients with larger tumors have a less sanguine prognosis [82,83]. An elevated lactate dehydrogenase, probably as evidence of a higher tumor burden, has been reported as a high-risk feature, as have elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates [83][84][85]. It is interesting to note that in the German Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study (CESS) series, tumors with greater than 100mL volume had a significantly worse outlook in the 1981 trial, but this difference was no longer significant in the CESS 1986 trial, demonstrating that sufficient therapy can obviate some 'poor-prognosis' characteristics [86].…”

Section: Prognostic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no standard examinations of the blood that are specific for ES. Commonly encountered nonspecific findings include an elevated sedimentation rate, anemia, and an elevated lactate dehydrogenase [84,85].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors: Ewing’s sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone and soft tissue

Granowetter¹,

West²

1997

Cancer Treatment and Research

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one were to include the soft tissue variants, PNET, and older patients, the incidence would be slightly amplified. Horowitz and colleagues compiled data from 17 studies, performed over 10 years, which included Ewing's sarcoma, peripheral PNET and extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma, and found that among 1505 reported patients 87% had Ewing's sarcoma of bone, 8% extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma, and 5% peripheral PNET [6]. Among these patients, more than half the tumors occurred in the second decade of life, close to one third in the first decade, and less than 10% in the third decade. These data are very similar to those from the Children's Cancer Group (CCG)-Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) intergroup study (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992) of Ewing's sarcoma of bone and PNET, in which 30% of patients were younger than 10 years, 57% were age 10-17, and 13% were between 18 and 30 years of age [7,8]. Less commonly, ESFT occurs in patients over 30 years of age [9][10][11]. The spectrum of age of patients with peripheral neuroepitheliomas is said to include an increased number of younger patients. Ewing's sarcoma is rare among nonwhite populations [12][13][14][15]. In New York state, 22% of primary bone malignancies among white patients are Ewing's sarcoma, but only 7% of primary bone tumors diagnosed in African Americans are Ewing's sarcoma [12].Clear predisposing factors to Ewing tumors have not been identified. A recent report [16] from Canada linked an increased risk of death from bone cancer (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma) to elevated levels of radium in the drinking water of recorded birthplace, but this finding has not been confirmed in other reports. In an analysis from England, low birth weight was associated with Ewing's sarcoma [17]. A report for the National Cancer Institute [18] demonstrated an increased risk of stomach and neuroectodermal cancers in family members of Ewing's sarcoma patients; however, a similar (albeit smaller) study of patients ascertained from the Manchester bone tumor registry [19] found no excess of cancer in relatives. The risk of cancer in mothers of children with Ewing's sarcoma does not appear to be increased [20]. There have been reports of Ewing's sarcoma in siblings [21,22]; however, the Ewing family of tumors is not associated with the Li-Fraumeni familial cancer syndrome [23]. Although osteosarcoma following chemotherapy and radiation treatment for Ewing's sarcoma is well described, Ewing's sarcoma as a second malignancy is rare [24][25][26][27]. There is no convincing evidence that Ewing's sarcoma is associated with skeletal abnormalities, genitourinary abnormalities, or other congenital abnormalities, although case reports and associations have been reported. Pathology

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Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) as a Tumor Marker in Ewing's Sarcoma

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

A low dose of doxorubicin improves antioxidant defence system and modulates anaerobic metabolism during the development of lymphoma

A low dose of doxorubicin improves antioxidant defence system and modulates anaerobic metabolism during the development of lymphoma

Inhibition of Glycolysis and Respiration of Sarcoma-180 Cells by Echitamine Chloride

The Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors: Ewing’s sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone and soft tissue

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