Serum ionized magnesium in diabetic older persons

Abstract

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. IntroductionThere is compelling evidence suggesting that magnesium depletion may play a role in the pathophysiology of insulinresistance and/or altered glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus [1][2][3]. Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium, and it is involved in a number of fundamental biochemical processes, comprising all ATP transferAbbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ESRD, end stage renal disease; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ISE, ion-selective electrode; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; Mg-tot, total serum magnesium; Mg-ion, extracellular free levels of magnesium; SBP, systolic blood pressure. ☆ None of the authors has any conflict of interest or financial support to disclose. ☆☆ There was no external funding for the study.

Predictors of Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - The Role of Magnesium

“…These higher incidences could be explained by the fact that in that paper hypomagnesemia was defined as serum magnesium level below 1.8 mg/dl, in contrast to the present study in which 1.7 mg/dl was used as a cut-off to define hypomagnesemia. And indeed, if we re-analyze our data with a cut-off serum magnesium value of 1.8mg/dl, 15,1% of the entire population is diagnosed with hypomagnesemia: 11.5% of the overweight and obese patients and 32.6% of the patients with DM2, which is more in line with the Guerrero-Romero study and to studies performed in patients with DM2 (14% to 48%) [18][19][20]. Also, racial differences in serum magnesium levels have been reported.…”

“…This inflammation might contribute to the onset of IR [14,17]. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM has been reported to range between 14 and 48%, meaning that millions of people worldwide are affected [18][19][20]. In DM patients, magnesium deficiency is associated with the development of micro-and macrovascular complications [21][22][23][24].…”

Magnesium and Type 2 Diabetes: An Update

“…However, hypomagnesaemia is usually indicative of a systemic Mg deficit. Depletion in intracellular and serum ionized Mg can be found in many subjects with total serum Mg still in the normal range [12]. We have recently confirmed that diabetic older patients are more prone to hypomagnesaemia; this condition being closely related with metabolic control as measured by glycated hemoglobin even after adjustment for relevant confounders.…”

“…Mg deficiency in type 2 diabetes may take the form of a chronic latent Mg deficit rather than an overt clinical hypomagnesaemia [12], and may have clinical importance because the Mg ion is a crucial cofactor for many enzymatic reactions involved in a myriad of metabolic processes. The Mg ion plays a key role in the regulation of the effects of insulin and insulin-mediated cellular glucose intake.…”

“…We have recently confirmed that diabetic older patients are more prone to hypomagnesaemia; this condition being closely related with metabolic control as measured by glycated hemoglobin even after adjustment for relevant confounders. Ionized Mg may help to identify older diabetic adults with low concentrations of blood Mg that are not evident with the only measurement of total Mg [12].…”