Serum interleukin 17 concentrations in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia

Abstract

Background Increased serum interleukin 17 (IL‐17) concentration has been associated with the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in humans. No data are available about IL‐17 in immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) of dogs. Objectives Monitor changes in serum IL‐17 concentration during the acute stages of IMHA in dogs, compared with results in healthy dogs, and its relationship with outcome. Animals Thirty‐one client‐owned dogs with primary IMHA and 27 healthy dogs. Methods Quantification of serum IL‐17 concentration using a commercially available ELISA kit at the time of admission (D0), after 48 hours (D2) and after 96 hours (D4) as compared to concentration in healthy dogs. The IMHA dogs were classified as survivors if discharged from hospital, or nonsurvivors for any cause of in‐hospital mortality. Results Mean serum IL‐17 concentration was higher in dogs with IMHA on admission compared with healthy dogs (D0), but this difference was not significant (mean, 19.52 pg/mL vs 10.52 pg/mL, respectively, P = .17). Throughout hospitalization, serum IL‐17 concentration significantly decreased in survivors. Serum IL‐17 concentration at D0 was not different between survivors and nonsurvivors, but surviving dogs had significantly lower serum IL‐17 concentration at D2 and D4 (P = .04 and P = .004, respectively) compared with nonsurviving dogs. No correlation was found between serum IL‐17 concentration and serum total bilirubin or lactate concentrations or CBC parameters. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Serum IL‐17 concentration remained significantly higher in nonsurviving IMHA dogs whereas it significantly decreased during hospitalization in survivors, making serum IL‐17 concentration a potential biomarker for severity and response to treatment in IMHA.

Carboxyhemoglobin as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hemolytic anemias in dogs

“…Blood COHb concentrations increase during hemolysis because of increased hemoglobin catabolism 8,11‐13 . Additionally, IMHA (the leading etiology of HA in dogs) is a proinflammatory disease, characterized by increased cytokine concentrations 3,18‐20 . Some of these, including interleukin‐1,‐6,‐10, and TNF‐α induce HO‐1 overexpression, 9 thereby further increasing CO production and COHb formation.…”

“… 8 , 11 , 12 , 13 Additionally, IMHA (the leading etiology of HA in dogs) is a proinflammatory disease, characterized by increased cytokine concentrations. 3 , 18 , 19 , 20 Some of these, including interleukin‐1,‐6,‐10, and TNF‐α induce HO‐1 overexpression, 9 thereby further increasing CO production and COHb formation. In humans, a plethora of studies demonstrate increased COHb concentrations during hemolysis, including in patients with auto‐immune HA, thrombotic microangiopathy, sickle cell disease, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation‐related hemolysis, alloimmunization in newborns and hereditary enzyme deficiencies.…”

Preliminary Study on Treatment Outcomes and Prednisolone Tapering after Marine Lipid Extract EAB-277 Supplementation in Dogs with Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

“…The immunopathogenesis of IMHA is believed to be linked to anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies [ 4 ]. The systemic inflammatory response and cytokine dysregulation has been documented in dogs with IMHA [ 5 , 6 ]. In addition, this life-threatening disorder is characterized by an auto-inflammatory process, leading to the severe intravascular and extravascular immune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes.…”

Differential T-cell responses in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin compared to healthy controls

“…In people, Th1 and Th17 have been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease ( 2 – 5 ). Th17 responses have also been implicated in several canine diseases, including immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis ( 6 , 7 ).…”