Serum Inflammatory and Prooxidant Marker Levels in Different Periodontal Disease Stages

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis has been associated to systemic diseases and this association could be due to an increase in circulating inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in the periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory and pro-oxidant markers according to different stages of periodontitis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 70 subjects who were divided into three groups according to periodontitis stage: stage II (n = 22), stage III (n = 30), and stage IV (n = 18). We evaluated periodontal parameters and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine. Results: Serum hsCRP and fibrinogen levels were associated with periodontitis severity, which were higher in stage IV than in stages III and II of periodontitis (p = 0.003 and p = 0.025, respectively). We observed a slight yet insignificant increase in MDA levels related to periodontitis severity. Probing depth and clinical attachment loss were associated with serum fibrinogen and hsCRP levels. However, there were no significant associations between periodontal variables and MDA and 8-OHdG levels. Conclusion: Our data support an association between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, which increases with periodontal disease severity. This indicates the importance of the early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease to avoid the development or worsening of systemic inflammatory diseases.

Unravelling the link between periodontitis and abdominal aortic calcification in the US adult population: a cross-sectional study based on the NHANES 2013–2014

“… 45 In addition, studies have observed an association between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, which increases with the severity of periodontal disease. 46 Notably, there are studies revealing other possible mechanisms involved in the link between periodontitis and vascular calcification, including the activation of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. 23 24 …”

“…A meta-analysis suggested that the diagnosis of chronic aggressive periodontitis was consistently associated with higher C-reactive protein and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and treatment reduced serum C-reactive protein levels 45. In addition, studies have observed an association between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, which increases with the severity of periodontal disease 46. Notably, there are studies revealing other possible mechanisms involved in the link between periodontitis and vascular calcification, including the activation of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis 23 24…”