Serum inflammatory and brain injury biomarkers in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit: A pilot study

Kokkoris, Stelios; Stamataki, E.; Emmanouil, Giorgos; Psachoulia, Christina; Ntaidou, Theodora K.; Maragouti, Aikaterini; Kanavou, Angeliki; Malachias, Sotirios; Christodouli, Foteini; Papachatzakis, Ioannis; Markaki, Vasiliki; Katsaros, Dimitrios; Vasileiadis, Ioannis; Glynos, Constantinos; Routsi, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.ensci.2022.100434

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Nevertheless, severe cases from G3 showed a significant increase in S100B compared to mild cases. Correspondingly, Kokkoris et al ( 2022 ) have also revealed that the serum levels of S100B and NSE correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease via induction of IL-6 and CRP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The levels of S100B have been evaluated in COVID-19 patients (Aceti et al 2020 ; Sahin et al 2022 ; Mete et al 2021 ; Savarraj et al 2021 ; Kokkoris et al 2022 ). To date, S100B expression has been associated with neurological conditions and neurological damage as a marker of astrocytic injury (Arrais et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a follow-up study showed that after 21 days of post-COVID-19 infection, the levels of NSE significantly decreased, suggesting no long-term neurological dysfunction associated with the disease. The levels of S100B have been evaluated in COVID-19 patients (Aceti et al 2020;Sahin et al 2022;Mete et al 2021;Savarraj et al 2021;Kokkoris et al 2022). To date, S100B expression has been associated with neurological conditions and neurological damage as a marker of astrocytic injury (Arrais et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain damage serum biomarkers induced by COVID-19 in patients from northeast Brazil

et al. 2023

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Neurological symptoms have been often reported in COVID-19 disease. In the present study, we evaluated brain damage associated with the increase of serum levels of neurological biomarkers S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, in a population from Northeastern Brazil. Thirty-six healthy control (G1) individuals and 141 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Positive-COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of illness by the National Institute of Health (NIH) criteria, 76 patients with mild symptoms for COVID-19 and (G2) and 65 with acute respiratory conditions requiring supplemental oxygenation via intensive care unit (ICU) admission (G3). A follow-up study was conducted with 23 patients from G2 14 (D14) and 21 (D21) days after the onset of symptoms. Serum levels of NSE and S100B were measured using the enzyme-linked immunoassay method (ELISA). Results revealed a significant positive association between G3 patients and S100B serum expression ( p = 0.0403). The serum levels of NSE were also significantly enhanced in the G3 group compared to the control ( p < 0.0001) and G2 group ( p < 0.0001). In addition, clinical features such as symptoms and oxygenation status were not correlated with NSE or S100B serum expression. The follow-up study demonstrated a decrease over time (21 days) in NSE serum expression ( p < 0.0001). These results suggest that brain damage is followed by acute virus exposure, with no long-term effects. Future work examining COVID-19 recovery will shed light on chronic neurological damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain damage serum biomarkers induced by COVID-19 in patients from northeast Brazil

et al. 2023

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“…In several studies, IL-6 has been proven to be an independent factor predictive of in-hospital mortality, and its levels are not influenced by the administration of CTS [ 14 , 42 , 43 ]. In particular, high levels of IL-6 are indicative of lung involvement, acute kidney injury, brain damage, cardiovascular events, and, finally, intestinal permeability, which allows viruses to become widespread in the general circulation [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. The value of IL-6 has been included in a score system that predicts the need for non-invasive ventilation by combining systemic inflammatory biomarkers and a chest CT severity score [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation as Prognostic Hallmark of Clinical Outcome in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Fuzio¹,

Inchingolo

Ruggieri³

et al. 2023

Life

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is often characterized by a life-threatening interstitial pneumonia requiring hospitalization. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to identify hallmarks of in-hospital mortality in patients affected by Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). A total of 150 patients admitted for COVID-19 from March to June 2021 to “F. Perinei” Murgia Hospital in Altamura, Italy, were divided into survivors (n = 100) and non-survivors groups (n = 50). Blood counts, inflammation-related biomarkers and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed into two groups in the first 24 h after admission and compared by Student’s t-test. A multivariable logistic analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Total lymphocyte count and CD3+ and CD4+ CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets were significantly lower in non-survivors. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly higher in non-survivors. Age > 65 years and presence of comorbidities were identified as independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality, while IL-6 and LDH showed a borderline significance. According to our results, markers of inflammation and lymphocytopenia predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19.

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“…The full texts of the remaining 47 studies were reviewed, and 26 studies were subsequently excluded based on the eligibility criteria. Among the excluded studies, 15 did not report outcomes of interest (NfL and GFAP) in both COVID-19 and healthy controls [30,31,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], six did not include healthy controls [31,36,38,44,48,51], three were reviews [8,52,53], and two were editorial reports [54,55]; note that a few reports belonged to more than one category. Finally, 21 studies that reported mean (±SD) or median (±IQR) values for NfL and GFAP were included in the meta-analysis (Figure 1).…”

Section: Study Search Selection and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators for Neurological Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Huang,

Haile,

Gedefaw

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been linked to various neurological complications. This meta-analysis assessed the relationship between glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in the blood and neurological injury in COVID-19 patients. A comprehensive search of various databases was conducted until 18 August 2023, to find studies reporting GFAP and NfL blood levels in COVID-19 patients with neurological complications. GFAP and NfL levels were estimated between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, and meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software for analysis. In the 21 collected studies, it was found that COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of pooled GFAP (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.73; p ≤ 0.001) and NfL (SMD = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.82; p ≤ 0.001) when compared to the healthy controls. The pooled GFAP (SMD = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.26, 1.45; p ≤ 0.01) and NfL (SMD = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.26; p ≤ 0.001) were significantly higher in non-survivors. These findings indicate a significant association between COVID-19 severity and elevated levels of GFAP and NfL, suggesting that GFAP and NfL could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for the early detection and monitoring of COVID-19-related neurological injuries.

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Serum inflammatory and brain injury biomarkers in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit: A pilot study

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Brain damage serum biomarkers induced by COVID-19 in patients from northeast Brazil

Brain damage serum biomarkers induced by COVID-19 in patients from northeast Brazil

Inflammation as Prognostic Hallmark of Clinical Outcome in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Blood Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators for Neurological Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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