Serum IgE levels in coronary artery disease

Abstract

The development and progression of atherosclerosis and its predisposition for unstable angina, myocardial infarction and stroke is associated with traditional risk factors such as family history, cigarette smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, imbalance of the hemostatic/fibrinolytic system and sedentary lifestyle. However, much of the variability in atherosclerosis and its manifestations still remains unexplained. Nowadays, there is increasing evidence that immunologic mechanisms play a major role in etiology, prediction of coronary plaque instability and foreseeing severe reaction leading to an actual coronary event. Cells of the immune system such as macrophages, mast cells and T-lymphocytes are major components of human atheromatous plaque. These cells participate in a vicious immune cycle and activate each others via bidirectional stimuli. For example, mast cells can activate macrophages and may enhance T-cell activation. Inducible macrophage protein 1a may activate mast cells, while CD169+ macrophages activate CD8 T cells. T cells may mediate mast-cell activation and proliferation and regulate macrophage activity. Mediators secreted by these cells, including histamine, neutral proteases, arachidonic acid products, platelet activating factor and a variety of cytokines and chemokines, can induce coronary artery spasm and atheromatous plaque erosion and rupture, culminating in the development of acute coronary syndromes.

Serum levels of immunoglobulins in an adult population and their relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

“…IgE is a surface‐protective antibody, which is closely related to allergic reactions, such as asthma. Previous studies have indicated that IgE participates in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disease . In our research, although a high level of serum IgE was found in the NAFLD participants, no significant relationship between NAFLD and IgE was detected after adjusted for confounding factors.…”

IgE to the Mammalian Oligosaccharide Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose Is Associated With Increased Atheroma Volume and Plaques With Unstable Characteristics—Brief Report

“… 1 – 3 Recent reports have confirmed a role for mast cells and demonstrated an association between levels of total serum IgE and cardiovascular disease, though no specific allergens have been identified. 4 – 6 Galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) is a blood group-like oligosaccharide of nonprimate mammals and is recognized in humans as a target of natural IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies. 7 , 8 In 2008, IgE specific to α-Gal was identified as the cause of anaphylactic reactions to cetuximab.…”

Readapting the adaptive immune response – therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis

“…Khamis et al () recently found total IgG levels correlated with CVD and adjusting for total levels negated the correlation of oxLDL‐specific IgG. Increased serum IgE levels have been associated with enhanced risk of CAD, and in particular plaque stability (Kounis and Hahalis, ). In addition, IgE, eosinophil and mast cell responses occur as part of immune responses in ACSs (Kritikou et al, ).…”