Serum IgE and IgG4 against muscle larva excretory-secretory products during the early and late phases of human trichinellosis

Abstract

In human trichinellosis, the relevance of the presence and persistence of specific serum IgE and IgG4 during the early and late phases of infection is still controversial.The aim of this work was to determine the percentage of human sera presenting IgE and IgG4 against Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory products as well as their levels during the early and late phases of the infection. The antigen recognition pattern by serum total immunoglobulins (IgGAM), IgE, and IgG4 was assessed over time. Serum samples during early and late phases were analyzed by ELISA and immunoelectrotransfer blot (IETB).Results showed that (a)-IgE and IgG4 are present at constant levels in both phases; (b)-IgE recognized the glycoproteins of ~ 45 and ~ 55 kDa and IgG4 only the ~ 45 kDa;

Kinetics Evaluation of IgM and IgG Levels in the Mice Infect-ed with Trichinella spiralis Experimentally Using ES Antigens from Different Developmental Stages of the Parasite

“…In addition, it is different from ML ES, the Ad3 ES and Ad6+NBL ES antigens involve the earliest interaction between the host and parasite and might be better early diagnostic markers of trichinellosis. Thus, the presence or absence of IgG antibody might not be an appropriate and reliable indicator of infection in the early diagnosis of Trichinella infection because the serum IgG antibodies appear later in the immune response in the body (8, 14, 24). Serum IgM antibodies appear in the early stage of infection, having greater significance in the early diagnosis of Trichinella infection (25).…”

“…As the major serum isotype, IgG antibodies are generated following class switching and maturation of the antibody response and, thus, participate predominantly in the secondary immune response (30). Specific anti- Trichinella IgG antibodies can also be found at 6 or 8 months after infection and even 2 years after infection (14). The stimulation of ES antigen by larvae and their penetration through capsules and the degradation of larvae by inflammatory cells explain the long-lasting presence of anti- Trichinella IgM and IgG antibodies (30, 31).…”

“…Their ES antigens are the first antigens the immune system exposed to during early infection and may induce the host to produce an antibody response. The earlier classes of specific antibodies (IgM/IgG) are bound to T. spiralis antigens and form immune complexes, so they are present in infected hosts at the beginning of the infection (13, 14). Moreover, the first line of antibodies produced in the humoral response belongs to the IgM class, expressed without isotype switching (15).…”

Allergic Comorbidity of Asthma or Wheezing, Allergic Rhinitis, and Eczema: Result From 333 029 Allergic Children in Shanghai, China

“…We also excluded other diseases that can lead to an increase in tIgE level such as parasite diseases and so on. 19…”

“…We also excluded other diseases that can lead to an increase in tIgE level such as parasite diseases and so on. 19 Our study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Children's Hospital (No. 2018R049-E01).…”