Serum high concentrations of homocysteine and low levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 are significantly correlated with the categories of coronary artery diseases

Abstract

BackgroundHomocysteine (Hcy) has been considered as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Folic acid and vitamin B12 are two vital regulators in Hcy metabolic process. We evaluated the correlations between serum Hcy, folic acid and vitamin B12 with the categories of CAD.MethodsSerum Hcy, folic acid and vitamin B12 from 292 CAD patients, including 73 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 116 unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 103 stable angina pectoris (SAP), and 100 controls with chest pain patients were measured, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software.ResultsCompared to SAP patients, patients with AMI and UAP had higher Hcy levels with approximately average elevated (4-5) μmol/L, while SAP patients were approximately higher 8 μmol/L than controls. However, the levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 had opposite results, which in AMI group was the lowest, while in controls was the highest. CAD categories were positively correlated with Hcy (r = 0.286, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with folic acid (r = -0.297, p < 0.001) and vitamin B12 (r = -0.208, p < 0.001). There were significant trend toward increase in the prevalence of high Hcy, low folic acid and vitamin B12 from controls, to SAP, to UAP, and to AMI.ConclusionsThe present study provide the valuable evidence that high concentrations of Hcy and low levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 are significantly correlated with CAD categories.

Improvement of vitamin B 12 status with Spirulina supplementation in Wistar rats validated through functional and circulatory markers

“…However, a decrease in ferritin and an increase in transferrin levels were observed in the serum of vitamin B 12 deficient rats, while the levels of ferritin and transferrin levels were comparable to control in other groups. A similar increase in transferrin levels in vitamin B 12 deficient animals has been reported by other authors (Khaire et al, 2015;Ma et al, 2017;Moll & Davis, 2017).…”

“…The vitamin B 12 deficient group showed lower serum iron content 110 (µg/dL), higher creatinine (0.76 ± 0.02 mg/dl), cholesterol (239.63 ± 9.76 mg/dl) (Ma, Peng, Liu, Huang, & Luo, ), and urea (232.94 ± 6.29 mg/dl) levels than all the other groups (Khaire, Rathod, Kale, & Joshi, ; Ma et al, ; Moll & Davis, ). These parameters showed comparable values in control, standard vitamin B 12 , and Spirulina biomass fed groups.…”

“…Similarly, transferrin levels increased by 1.6-fold when compared to control and other groups were comparable to each other. The vitamin B 12 deficient group showed lower serum iron content 110 (µg/dL), higher creatinine (0.76 ± 0.02 mg/dl), cholesterol (239.63 ± 9.76 mg/dl) (Ma, Peng, Liu, Huang, & Luo, 2017), and urea (232.94 ± 6.29 mg/dl) levels than all the other groups (Khaire, Rathod, Kale, & Joshi, 2015;Ma et al, 2017;Moll & Davis, 2017).…”

<p>Combined Effect Of Coffee Consumption And Cigarette Smoking On Serum Levels Of Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, And Lipid Profile In Young Male: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…5,6 Controversies concerning coffee consumption benefits and risks in regards for CVDs were mentioned in many studies. [6][7][8][9] Lack of vitamin B12 and/or folate, which are necessary vitamins in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism, 10,11 leads to elevation in Hcy levels. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, due to numerous mechanisms including oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction that promotes thrombosis.…”

“…Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, due to numerous mechanisms including oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction that promotes thrombosis. 10,12 Therefore, and because of their close relationship, vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies can be an indirect indication of hyperhomocysteinemia. Both folate and vitamin B12 are Hcy determinants, hence positively associated with CVDs.…”