Serum glucocorticoids and adiponectin associate with insulin resistance in children born small for gestational age

Tenhola, Sirpa; Todorova, Boryana; Jääskeläinen, Jarmo; Jänne, Olli A.; Raivio, Taneli; Voutilainen, Raimo

doi:10.1530/eje-09-1003

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Furthermore, in this study, leptin and adiponectin concentrations in males born with IUGR older and younger than 5 years old, respectively, were higher and lower, respectively, than their respective control AGA groups. Other authors reported lower concentrations of adiponectin in children born SGA as compared to children born AGA, while others suggested the development of leptin resistance in utero 40 , 41 . Previously, we measured these adipocytokines in the serum of mothers of babies born with IUGR and babies born AGA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biochemistry, hormones and adipocytokines in prepubertal children born with IUGR evoke metabolic, hepatic and renal derangements

Sidiropoulou

Paltoglou

Valsamakis

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Children born with IUGR develop features of the metabolic syndrome and exhibit deranged markers of hepatorenal physiology. Metabolic and hepatorenal biochemistry and the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism were investigated in prepubertal children born with IUGR. Ninety-eight prepubertal children (46 IUGR and 52 AGA), subdivided in <5 years and >5 years old groups were included. Anthropometry; creatinine, eGFR, urea, AST, ALT, triglycerides, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, glucose, C-peptide, insulin and glucagon z-scores; HOMA-IR; leptin and adiponectin concentrations; rs9939609 FTO polymorphism frequency were measured. In males, weight and ALT were higher and adiponectin was lower, in IUGR < 5 years; C-peptide, insulin and leptin were higher in IUGR > 5 years; C-peptide was higher in all IUGR, than the respective AGA. In females, creatinine and triglycerides were higher in IUGR < 5 years old; creatinine was higher and eGFR was lower in all IUGR, than the respective AGA. In males and females, creatinine was higher in all IUGR, than the respective AGA; C-peptide, insulin and HOMA-IR were lower, and AST was higher in IUGR < 5 than in IUGR > 5 years old. FTO rs9939609 frequency did not differ between IUGR and AGA. In conclusion prepubertal males born with IUGR increased weight, insulin and leptin and decreased adiponectin, as compared to males born AGA, emerge as early metabolic syndrome characteristics. The concentrations of these hormones do not differ between prepubertal males and females born with IUGR. Weight control, healthy nutrition and physical exercise should be recommended to these children. The deranged renal (particularly evident in females below the age of 5) and liver biochemistry in prepubertal children born with IUGR suggests that hepatorenal derangements might commence in utero. Regular checkup of biochemical and lipid profile is recommended for all children born with IUGR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biochemistry, hormones and adipocytokines in prepubertal children born with IUGR evoke metabolic, hepatic and renal derangements

Sidiropoulou

Paltoglou

Valsamakis

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…The HPA axis in the human foetus becomes functional around midgestation (Gitau et al 2001), and once functional it is extremely sensitive to early re-programming by glucocorticoids (Tegethoff et al 2009). Re-programming of the HPA in response to maternal hypercortisolism increases the activity of the stress axis in the foetus and neonate (Matthews and Phillips 2010) and leads to hypercortisolism later in life, with associated signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including insulin resistance (Tenhola et al 2010). The cortisol-induced epigenetic programming appears to occur during late gestation when elevated maternal plasma cortisol levels cause permanent demethylation of the promoter regions of hepatic genes, allowing an increased binding of TFs (Matthews and Phillips 2010).…”

Section: Eutherian Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reviews explore the environmental influences during mammalian development leading to stable changes in the epigenome that lead to an increase in the susceptibility of the adult animal to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases Howie et al (2009) The study investigates the effects of maternal high lipid (HL) diets fed to rats either throughout the mother's life up to and including pregnancy and lactation or fed a HL diet only during pregnancy and lactation, on growth and metabolic parameters in the progeny. The litter size and sex ratios were not affected, but the offspring had low body weights and as adults, the offspring were obese, despite being fed a low lipid rodent chow diet The review examines the relationship between under-nutrition during gestation and epigeneticrelated effects on infant mortality, metabolic diseases and cardiovascular (dys)function Tenhola et al (2010) The study examines the links between glucocorticoid activity, human foetal growth restriction and adult insulin resistance (IR) resulting in type 2 diabetes, showing that increased glucocorticoid activity is associated with IR in children Hochberg et al (2011) (review) The extensive multiauthor review examines the plasticity and dynamics of developmental epigenetic programming in humans, and epigenetics as a molecular mechanism for developmental origins of heritable diseases. The areas also covered include: (i) the evidence linking dysfunctional X chromosome epigenetic inactivation with childhood syndromes and miscarriages, (ii) the implications of epigenetic mechanisms for reproductive technologies, (iii) the effects of environmental factors on epigenetic reprogramming and (iv) perspectives in the clinical application of drugs that target epigenetic mechanisms (B) Gozlan et al (1999) The to infectious disease; this may also negatively impact feeding, resulting in loss of body mass, and therefore, divert in metabolite partitioning away from ovarian growth.…”

Section: References Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The implications for aquaculture practice of epigenomic programming of components of the endocrine system of teleostean embryos: lessons learned from mammalian studies

Leatherland

2012

Fish and Fisheries

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Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression patterns that occur without any modification of the underlying nucleotide sequence of the DNA. Modifications of the so‐called epigenome include complex transient or permanent chemical changes of the DNA or histone proteins resulting in the suppression or enhancement of gene expression, together with an array of post‐translational events that modify the translational products. Epigenomic programming (EP) of the genome is an essential component of embryonic development in animals from the totipotent fertilized egg to the pluripotent stem cells, stem cell differentiation and final tissue and organ formation. Many of these EP processes are influenced transiently and some permanently by environmental influences. In eutherian mammals, environmentally related EP of embryos is linked to permanent changes in the phenotype of the progeny, some of which have been associated with adult onset metabolic disorders. Moreover, because some of the epigenetic remodelling occurs in both the soma and germ line, the resultant phenotypic characteristics (some of which are linked to disease states) may be heritable. Although far less is known about the effects of environmentally linked EP on the ontogeny of fishes, the available information suggests that the EP processes are similar amongst all vertebrates, and there are clear parallels between fish and mammals that are discussed in this paper. Our perspective takes the well‐established findings in mammals and uses them to proactively extrapolate to the as yet under‐recognized implications of EP for fish biology and for fish production in intensive aquaculture.

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“…Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with conditions such as insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis [2,3]. Besides the reported associations in adults, plasma adiponectin levels in children are associated with several diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and Kawasaki disease [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Distribution of Serum Adiponectin Isoforms in Pediatric Patients with Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome

Tamai

Kamijo

Abe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Serum adiponectin circulates in three multimeric isoforms: high-molecular-weight (HMW), middle-molecular-weight (MMW), and low-molecular-weight (LMW) isoforms. Potential change in the circulating adiponectin levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of total adiponectin and the distribution of its isoforms in pediatric patients with NS.Methods We measured total adiponectin and each adiponectin isoform levels at the onset of NS, initial remission, and during the remission period of the disease in 31 patient with NS. We also calculated the ratios of HMW (%HMW), MMW (%MMW), and LMW (%LMW) to total adiponectin and all values in 31 with those of 51 control subjects.Results The mean total serum adiponectin levels in patients were 40.6 ± 16.0 µg/mL, 41.1 ± 18.5 µg/mL, and 25.5 ± 16.6 µg/mL at the onset of NS, at initial remission, and during the remission period of NS, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those in control subjects (12.6 ± 8.5 µg/mL). The mean values of %HMW, %MMW, and %LMW values were 57.0/28.0/14.2 at the onset of NS, 61.6/23.8/14.0 at the initial remission, and 58.1/21.7/17.7 at during the remission period, respectively. Compared with control subjects, %HMW at initial remission and %MMW at the onset of NS were high, and the %LMW values at the onset of NS and at initial remission were low.Conclusions In patients with NS, total serum adiponectin levels increase at the onset of the disease, and the ratio of adiponectin isoforms changes during the course of the disease. Further studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms between proteinuria and adiponectin isoforms.

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Serum glucocorticoids and adiponectin associate with insulin resistance in children born small for gestational age

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Biochemistry, hormones and adipocytokines in prepubertal children born with IUGR evoke metabolic, hepatic and renal derangements

Biochemistry, hormones and adipocytokines in prepubertal children born with IUGR evoke metabolic, hepatic and renal derangements

The implications for aquaculture practice of epigenomic programming of components of the endocrine system of teleostean embryos: lessons learned from mammalian studies

Distribution of Serum Adiponectin Isoforms in Pediatric Patients with Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome

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