Serum free light chains in patients with HIV infection: their association with markers of disease severity and antiretroviral use

Zemlin, Annalise E; Ipp, Hayley; Rensburg, Megan; Germishuys, Jurie J; Esser, Monika; Olivier, Madeleen; Erasmus, Rajiv T

doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202733

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Our results support the strong association between cumulative HIV-VL and AIDS-related lymphoma identified in previous studies [35]. Furthermore, elevated levels of FLC-k, FLC-j, and IgG were associated with higher current HIV-VL and lower current CD4 count in controls, which is consistent with other studies [23,36]. This may indicate that a history of uncontrolled HIV-VL plays an integral role in lymphoma development, and elevated FLCs reflect HIV-specific B-cell dysfunction [37] occurring long before diagnosis.…”

Section: Studies Have Found Mixed Associations Between Immunoglobulinsupporting

confidence: 92%

The extent of B‐cell activation and dysfunction preceding lymphoma development in HIV‐positive people

et al. 2017

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Section: Studies Have Found Mixed Associations Between Immunoglobulinsupporting

confidence: 92%

The extent of B‐cell activation and dysfunction preceding lymphoma development in HIV‐positive people

et al. 2017

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“…ART has greatly reduced the morbidity and mortality of HIV-positive patients. There are some studies evaluating association between FLCs abnormal concentration and antiretroviral treatment [34, 35]. It has been proven that patients taking ART had lower levels of κ and λ with the ratio not significantly affected by ART use [34, 35].…”

Section: Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some studies evaluating association between FLCs abnormal concentration and antiretroviral treatment [34, 35]. It has been proven that patients taking ART had lower levels of κ and λ with the ratio not significantly affected by ART use [34, 35]. Additionally, Zemlin et al observed that κ FLCs and λ FLCs values correlated positively with viral load and IgG and negatively with CD4+ counts and albumin concentration [34].…”

Section: Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proven that patients taking ART had lower levels of κ and λ with the ratio not significantly affected by ART use [34, 35]. Additionally, Zemlin et al observed that κ FLCs and λ FLCs values correlated positively with viral load and IgG and negatively with CD4+ counts and albumin concentration [34]. The ratio correlated only with IgG levels.…”

Section: Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free Light Chains as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker of Immune System Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis and HIV Infection

Gudowska-Sawczuk

Mroczko

2019

BioMed Research International

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Introduction Immunoglobulins are molecules composed of two heavy and two light chains. Light chains are produced by B lymphocytes during the synthesis of immunoglobulins, and physiologically light chains are generally produced in excess compared to heavy chains. Light chains that are not combined to heavy chains in a whole immunoglobulin are called free light chains (FLCs). B-cell abnormalities are associated with disorders leading to an abnormal concentration of free light chains. In this study, we focus on the described changes of serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of free light chains in inflammatory disorders: multiple sclerosis, HIV infection, and HIV-associated lymphomas. Methods We performed broad research of the literature pertaining to our investigation via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Results It has been proven that FLC determination can provide rapid information about intrathecal inflammation in patients with multiple sclerosis. Moreover, literature data suggest that free light chain determination is the most interesting alternative for oligoclonal band analysis. In the present review, we also described that HIV-related immune system dysfunction is associated with an elevated concentration of serum-free light chains. Additionally, FLCs are potentially a strong and sensitive predictor of the risk of developing HIV-associated lymphomas. Conclusion Based on these published findings, we suggest that free light chains have high diagnostic sensitivity, which probably enables application in laboratory diagnostics.

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“…This causes continuous immune activation with ultimate B-cell dysfunction and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia. 16 Studies have shown that increased IgG levels are associated with aggravated atherosclerosis and HIV disease progression 17,18…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Selectin and markers of HIV disease severity, inflammation and coagulation in HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals

Hoffman¹,

Ipp²,

Phatlhane³

et al. 2018

Afr H. Sci.

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BackgroundE-selectin has been shown to play a role in atherosclerosis and to be increased in HIV-infected individuals due to chronic immune activation. There is a paucity of studies on E-selectin in HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine whether E-selectin levels were increased in HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals and whether these correlated with markers of disease severity, inflammation and coagulation to determine if this population is at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsE-selectin levels were determined in 114 HIV-infected treatment-naive and 66 HIV-negative individuals, compared between groups and correlated with markers of disease severity, inflammation and coagulation.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences (p<0.01) in levels of WCC, CD4+ count, %CD38/8, albumin, IgG, hsCRP and D-dimer between groups and no statistically significant differences in E-selectin (p=0.84) and fibrinogen (p=0.65) levels. E-selectin correlated with age (p=0.02) and gender (p=0.01).ConclusionE-selectin was a poor marker in this setting. There was no correlation with any of the markers of disease severity, inflammation and coagulation. E-selectin is most likely raised in an acute inflammatory setting, rather than chronic stage of HIV-infection. We recommend that other markers be utilized to identify patients at increased risk of CVD; as these were significantly increased untreated in individuals.

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Serum free light chains in patients with HIV infection: their association with markers of disease severity and antiretroviral use

Abstract: This study demonstrated that free light chain concentrations were significantly correlated with markers of HIV disease severity, suggesting ongoing B cell dysfunction despite ART use. Free light chain ratio was not significantly affected.

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

The extent of B‐cell activation and dysfunction preceding lymphoma development in HIV‐positive people

The extent of B‐cell activation and dysfunction preceding lymphoma development in HIV‐positive people

Free Light Chains as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker of Immune System Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis and HIV Infection

E-Selectin and markers of HIV disease severity, inflammation and coagulation in HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals

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