Serum fatty acid, lipid profile and dietary intake of Hong Kong Chinese omnivores and vegetarians

Lee, H. Y.; Woo, Jean; Chen, Z. Y.; Leung, Sing-fai; Peng, X. H.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601089

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Vegetarians have a lower status of long-chain n-3 fatty acid (Lee et al, 2000), principally eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA,, because of the exclusion of fish from their diet. In addition, the high intake of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) from vegetable oils (Lu et al, 2000b) competes with the conversion of a-linoleic acid (18:3n-3) to EPA and DHA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women

Wang

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background: Vegetarians are generally deficient in long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids have a beneficial effect on plasma lipid levels, and some studies showed that they had breast cancer suppression effect. One of the biomarkers of breast cancer risk is the ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE 1 ) to 16a-hydroxyestrone (16a-OHE 1 ). Objective: To investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism and oxidative stress in vegetarians. Design: Single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Interventions: Twenty-seven postmenopausal vegetarian women were recruited. After a 2-week run-in period with 6 g placebo corn oil, the subjects were subsequently randomized to receive either 6 g corn oil (n ¼ 13) or 6 g DHA-rich algae oil (2.14 g of DHA/day) (n ¼ 14) for 6 weeks. Two subjects in corn oil group withdrew before completion. Main outcome measures: Plasma lipids, urinary 2-OHE 1 and 16a-OHE 1 , urinary F 2 -isoprostanes and plasma a-tocopherol. Results: Plasma LDL-DHA and EPA level increased significantly by DHA supplementation. DHA decreased plasma cholesterol (C) levels (P ¼ 0.04), but did not influence the levels of plasma TG, LDL-C and HDL-C, a-tocopherol, urinary F 2 -isoprostanes, 2-OHE 1 , 16a-OHE 1 and ratio of 2-OHE 1 to 16a-OHE 1 as compared to corn oil. Conclusion: DHA supplementation at a dose of 2.14 g/day for 42 days decreases plasma cholesterol but neither does it show beneficial effects on estrogen metabolism, nor does it induce deleterious effects on the observed in vivo antioxidant or oxidative stress marker in postmenopausal vegetarian women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women

Wang

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…The LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was significantly lower (35.8% less for boys; 30.9% less for girls) in rural children compared with that of urban children of the same gender. The net increase in the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C was suggested to be approximately double the effect of saturated fatty acids (Lee et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, body fatty acid composition reflects the quality of dietary fat and the type of fat consumed over a long period (Hunter et al, 1992;Lee et al, 2000;Brox et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatty acid intake estimated by either the dietary record or duplicated meal measurements alone is either unreliable or too complicated (Hunter et al, 1992). However, body fatty acid composition reflects the quality of dietary fat and the type of fat consumed over a long period (Hunter et al, 1992;Lee et al, 2000;Brox et al, 2002). To date, the serum fatty acid profile has not been documented for children in Taiwan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum fatty acid composition in primary school children is associated with serum cholesterol levels and dietary fat intake

2003

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Objective: To examine the serum fatty acid composition, serum cholesterol levels, and dietary fat intake associated with body composition in primary school children of both urban and rural regions in Taiwan. Design: Subjects were randomly stratified by region and primary school. The sample consisted of 870 children aged 10 and 11 y old. The sample was equally distributed between an urban region (Kaohsiung City) and a rural region (Yunlin County). The gender ratio of samples from each area was matched. Food record-assisted 24-h dietary recalls and serum lipid measurements were collected for each child, and associations between serum total cholesterol (TC) and fatty acids composition as well as between body mass index (BMI) and triceps skinfold (TSF) were evaluated for both urban and rural regions. Results: Compared with students in the urban region, those in the rural region had significantly lower total fat intake, BMI, TSF, TC, and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and higher HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (Po0.05). Increased total fat (Po0.05) as a proportion of total energy was associated with increased TC and LDL-C. Lauric, myristic, and oleic acid levels in the serum of urban boys were significantly higher (P ¼ 0.0001, 0.0003, and 0.0398, respectively) than those of rural boys. In girls, the different fatty acid compositions affected TC concentrations, and palmitic and stearic acids of serum in the high-TC group were significantly lower (P ¼ 0.0179 and 0.0001, respectively) than those in the low-TC group. Conclusions: Urban children had a dietary fat intake that both quantitatively and qualitatively differed from the traditional rural Chinese diet in Taiwan as reflected in rural children. Consumption of total fat was positively associated with BMI, TSF, TC, and

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“…Linoleate, oleate and palmitate are the most abundant in the plasma, followed by arachidonate and stearate. The approximate abundance of these non-esterified serum fatty acids in the US population is as follows: linoleate, 26%, oleate, 24%, palmitate, 22%, arachidonate, 8% and stearate, 7% [8]. Linolenate concentrations are below 5 μM and arachidonate below 10 μM, regardless if the subjects fasted [9].…”

Section: Long Chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Dietary Fat to Reduce Breast Cancer Risk: Are we there Yet?

Evans¹,

Hardy²

2014

TOBCANJ

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For over 70 years, long chain fatty acids have been implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer. Although the exact role remains to be elucidated, dietary factors have been implicated in approximately 35% of cancer deaths. Currently, biomarker, animal and in vitro studies suggest that the individual fatty acids have differing roles in the promotion or prevention of breast cancer development and progression. The goal of this review is to assess epidemiological, animal and cellular studies with respect to the role of dietary long chain fatty acids in breast cancer risk. Subsequently we identify the common findings in these studies, discuss important factors that may influence human studies and evaluate the current dietary fat recommendations with respect to these findings.

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Serum fatty acid, lipid profile and dietary intake of Hong Kong Chinese omnivores and vegetarians

Cited by 67 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women

Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women

Serum fatty acid composition in primary school children is associated with serum cholesterol levels and dietary fat intake

Optimizing Dietary Fat to Reduce Breast Cancer Risk: Are we there Yet?

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