Serum fatty acid composition predicts development of impaired fasting glycaemia and diabetes in middle‐aged men

Laaksonen, David E.; Lakka, Timo A.; Lakka, Hanna Maaria; Nyyssönen, Kristiina; Rissanen, Tiina H.; Niskanen, Leo; Salonen, Jukka T.

doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00707.x

Cited by 169 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…This pattern was observed in the subjects with metabolic syndrome in this study. In line with this, high serum proportions of linoleic (18:2 n−6) acid decreased the risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men over a period of 4 years [26]. It was also recently reported that a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids (16:0+18:0) was prospectively and positively associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [10] and type 2 diabetes [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in men

2005

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Aims/hypothesis: Types of dietary fat have been related to components of the metabolic syndrome. Serum fatty acid composition mainly reflects dietary fat intake, but also endogenous fatty acid synthesis catalysed by Δ-desaturases. It is not known whether alterations of fatty acid composition or desaturase activities predict metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: We prospectively evaluated fatty acid composition in serum cholesteryl esters and estimated desaturase activities in 1,558 50-year-old men taking part in a population-based cohort study. The follow-up time was 20 years. StearoylCoA desaturase (SCD-1), Δ6 (D6D) and Δ5 (D5D) desaturases were estimated as precursor to fatty acid ratios. Results: High activity of estimated SCD-1 (odds ratio= 1.29, p<0.05) and D6D (odds ratio=1.35, p<0.05), as well as low estimated D5D activity (odds ratio=0.71, p<0.001) predicted the development of metabolic syndrome (as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program). The predictive value of D5D activity was independent of lifestyle factors (smoking, BMI and physical activity), whereas the risk associated with higher SCD-1 and D6D activities was mainly explained by obesity. Among those developing metabolic syndrome (119 out of 706) during follow-up, the proportions of fatty acids 14:0, 16:0, 16:1 (n−7), 18:1 (n−9), 18:3 (n−6) and 20:3 (n−6) were increased at baseline, while 18:2 (n−6) was decreased (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions/interpretation: Serum fatty acid composition predicts the long-term development of the metabolic syndrome, and D5D activity may be particularly important in this process. Our results suggest a role of dietary fat quality in the development of metabolic syndrome, but the possibility that altered fatty acid composition, partly secondary to genetic or hormonal factors, should also be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in men

2005

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“…Serum esterified fatty acid and NEFA were specified in one GC run without pre-separation as described (29) . Serum fatty acids were extracted using chloroform-methanol.…”

Section: Serum Fatty Acid Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of serum n-3 and n-6 PUFA and hair mercury with the risk of incident stroke in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD)

et al. 2016

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PUFA have been associated with lower risk of CVD, but less is known about their association with stroke risk. Fish, a major source of n-3 PUFA, may also contain methylmercury, which has been associated with higher risk of CVD and attenuation of the benefits of long-chain n-3 PUFA. We investigated the associations of serum n-3 and n-6 PUFA and hair Hg with risk of stroke in men. A total of 1828 men from the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, aged 42-60 years and free of CVD at baseline in 1984-1989 were studied. Cox regression models were used for the analyses. During the mean follow-up of 21·2 years, 202 stroke cases occurred, of which 153 were ischaemic strokes. After adjustment for age and examination year, the only statistically significant association among the n-3 and n-6 PUFA was observed between the n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid and risk of haemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio in the highest v. the lowest quartile 0·33; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·86; P trend = 0·03). However, further adjustments attenuated the association to statistically non-significant. Hair Hg was not associated with stroke risk, but among those with hair Hg above the median level, higher serum long-chain n-3 PUFA concentrations were associated with a higher risk of ischaemic stroke. In our cohort of men, serum n-3 or n-6 PUFA or hair Hg were not associated with stroke risk; however, the interaction between Hg and long-chain n-3 PUFA with regard to ischaemic stroke risk warrants further investigation.

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“…Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured with an immunometric assay (Immulite High Sensitivity CR assay, DPC, Los Angeles, CA, USA). Serum non-esterified fatty acids were determined chromatographically without pre-separation (23,24). Fatty acids were chromatographed in an NB-351 capillary column (HNU-Nordion, Helsinki, Finland) by a Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II gas chromatograph (Avondale, PA, USA) with a flame ionisation detector.…”

Section: Assessment Of Components Of or Features Related To The Metabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex hormones, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study

Laaksonen

Niskanen²,

Punnonen³

et al. 2003

European Journal of Endocrinology

380

290

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Objective: Mild hypoandrogenism in men is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome, but the association with the metabolic syndrome itself using an accepted definition has not been described. Design: Men with the metabolic syndrome were identified and testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were determined in a population-based cohort of 1896 non-diabetic middleaged Finnish men. Results: Calculated free testosterone and SHBG were 11% and 18% lower (P , 0.001) in men with the metabolic syndrome (n ¼ 345, World Health Organisation definition). After categorisation by tertiles and adjusting for age and body mass index, total and free testosterone and SHBG were inversely associated with concentrations of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP) and CRP-adjusted ferritin and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Men with free testosterone levels in the lowest third were 2.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-3.7) times more likely to have the metabolic syndrome in age-adjusted analyses, and 1.7 (95% CI 1.2 -2.4) times more likely even after further adjusting for body mass index. Exclusion of men with cardiovascular disease did not alter the association. The inverse association of SHBG with the metabolic syndrome was somewhat stronger. Conclusions: Low testosterone and SHBG levels were strongly associated not only with components of the metabolic syndrome, but also with the metabolic syndrome itself, independently of body mass index. Furthermore, sex hormones were associated with inflammation and body iron stores. Even in the absence of late-stage consequences such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, subtle derangements in sex hormones are present in the metabolic syndrome, and may contribute to its pathogenesis.

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Serum fatty acid composition predicts development of impaired fasting glycaemia and diabetes in middle‐aged men

Cited by 169 publications

References 37 publications

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in men

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in men

Associations of serum n-3 and n-6 PUFA and hair mercury with the risk of incident stroke in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD)

Sex hormones, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study

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