Serum estrone concentrations and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women.

Cauley, Jane A.; Gutai, James P.; Glynn, Nancy W.; Paternostro-Bayles, Madeline; Cottington, Eric; Kuller, Lewis H.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.14.1.14

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(26 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This observation is in accordance with previous studies in which estrogen concentration in postmenopausal women was not related to CAD (41) or IMT of ICA (11) and did not predict fatal CVD (5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endogenous sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women undergoing carotid artery endarterectomy

Debing¹,

Peeters²,

Duquet³

et al. 2007

eur j endocrinol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To study the endogenous sex hormone levels in natural postmenopausal women and their association with the presence of internal carotid artery (ICA) atherosclerosis. Design: Case-control study Methods: We compared 56 patients with severe ICA atherosclerosis referred for carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) with 56 age-matched control subjects free of severe atherosclerotic disease. The presence of atherosclerosis was determined by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Metabolic parameters and sex hormones were measured or calculated: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, insulin resistance index, IGF-I, DHEA, DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S), free testosterone, total testosterone, estrone, estradiol, androstenedione, and sex hormone-binding globulin. Results: The cases had statistically significant lower levels of both total testosterone (0.23G0.12 vs 0.31G0.20 mg/l, PZ0.043) and free testosterone (3.42G1.94 vs 4.59G2.97 ng/l, PZ0.009) and significantly lower levels of androstenedione (625.3G168.7 vs 697.0G211.9 ng/l, PZ0.017) when compared with controls. Multivariate linear regression analysis, adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, baseline and physiologic characteristics, showed a significant inverse relationship between both serum free testosterone (bZK0.234, PZ0.028) and androstenedione (bZK0.241, PZ0.028) levels with the presence of severe atherosclerosis of ICA. Conclusions:The study provides evidence of a positive association between low serum androgen levels and severe ICA atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. It suggests that higher, but physiological, levels of androgens in postmenopausal women have a protective role in the development of atherosclerosis of ICA.European Journal of Endocrinology 156 687-693

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endogenous sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women undergoing carotid artery endarterectomy

Debing¹,

Peeters²,

Duquet³

et al. 2007

eur j endocrinol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10 In addition, the great majority of studies to date have failed to demonstrate a correlation between the total levels of circulating estrogens or their metabolites and the degree of atherosclerosis both in men and postmenopausal women.…”

Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid Sulfatase and Estrogen Sulfotransferase in the Atherosclerotic Human Aorta

Nakamura

Miki

Suzuki

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relatively low incidence of cardiovascular events in premenopausal women and its marked increment after menopause. In addition, estrogens have been postulated to exert direct anti-atherogenic effects via binding to estrogen receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, not all postmenopausal women develop atherosclerosis despite decreased levels of serum estrogen. Therefore, we believe it is important to examine the status of estrogen metabolism in situ in the human cardiovascular system. Estrone sulfate (E1S) is a major circulating plasma estrogen that is converted into the biologically active estrogen, estrone (E1) by steroid sulfatase (STS). E1 is also sulfated and reverted into E1S by estrogen sulfotransferase (EST). These two enzymes have recently been shown to play important roles in the in situ estrogen actions of estrogen-dependent human tissues and various sex steroid-dependent tumors. STS and EST, however, have not been studied in detail in the human vascular system associated with atherosclerotic changes. In the present study, we evaluated the relative abundance of STS-and ESTimmunoreactive protein and mRNA expression in human aorta using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in addition to enzyme activity. STS expression levels were found to be significantly higher in the VSMCs obtained from female aortas with mild atherosclerotic changes than in those with severe atherosclerotic changes and in male aortas regardless of atherosclerotic changes. EST expression levels in the VSMCs of these aortas, however, were significantly higher in female aortas with severe atherosclerotic changes and in male aortas than in female aortas with mild atherosclerotic changes. We believe it is important to examine factors regulating the expression and activity of these estrogen-metabolizing enzymes in the human aorta. Various cytokines have been proposed to function as regulators of these enzymes in other tissues. In the present study, we studied the effects of interleukin (IL)-1␤, known to be produced in human atherosclerotic lesions, on the expression of these enzymes using cultured human VSMCs originally obtained from a female patient. IL-1␤ markedly inhibited the expression of STS mRNA and enzyme activity, but stimulated the expression of EST mRNA and enzyme activity. In addition, IL-1␤ also reduced E2 production from E1S and E1 in VSMCs.Results from the present study seem to suggest that the expression levels of both STS and EST mRNA and activity may be significantly associated with the degree of atherosclerotic changes in the female aorta, which may be related to cytokines produced in situ, such as IL-1␤, in human atherosclerotic lesions. Various epidemiological studies have reported a relatively low incidence of cardiovascular events in premenopausal women and its marked increment after menopause.1 Estrogen has, therefore, been proposed as a cardioprotective agent, especially in women.2 In ...

show abstract

“…Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is clearly polyfactorial, and data on endogenous hormones may improve our prediction of CAD [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile and Oestradiol in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women

Kilim

Rao.Chandala²

2013

JCDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the menopausal status and related hormonal variation of oestradiol with plasma lipid concentrations. Material and Methods:Fifty premenopausal women and fifty postmenopausal women subjects were selected. Data was collected through clinical evaluation from questionnaires and laboratory investigations. Plasma oestradiol and lipid profile determinations were done by using competitive binding im munoassay methods and enzymatic methods respectively. Student's T test and Pearson's test of correlation were used for the statistical analysis. Pvalues of < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results:There was a significant increase in serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), LDLcholesterol and VLDL cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. HDLcholesterol level was significantly decreased in postmenopausal women. The calculated atherogenic index (Total Cholesterol/HDL ratio) was significantly increased in postmenopausal women as compared to that in premenopausal women. Oestradiol concentration was significantly lower (p<0.001) in postmenopausal women.Discussion: Oestrogen changes the vascular permeability by increasing nitrous oxide production. It maintains a healthy lipoprotein profile. It stabilizes the endothelial cells, enhances antioxidant effect and alters fibrinolysis protein. All these cardio protective mechanisms are lost in menopause. Postmenopausal women develop an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion:Menopause leads to changes in lipid profile by reducing HDL, and elevating Total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDLcholesterol and VLDLcholesterol, thus increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease. These changes are caused by reduced oestrogen concentrations which are seen in menopause.

show abstract

Serum estrone concentrations and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women.

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

Endogenous sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women undergoing carotid artery endarterectomy

Endogenous sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women undergoing carotid artery endarterectomy

Steroid Sulfatase and Estrogen Sulfotransferase in the Atherosclerotic Human Aorta

A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile and Oestradiol in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About