Serum estrogen level after hormone replacement therapy and body mass index in postmenopausal and bilaterally ovariectomized women

Uemura, Hirokazu; Umino, Yuka; Takikawa, Masaya; Saito, S; Kuwahara, Akira; Matsuzaki, Takashi; Murakami, Masahiko; Furumoto, Hiroyuki; Miura, Masaru; Irahara, Minoru

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.03.013

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…7 Estrogen levels in serum can be modified by HRT use and obesity 18 which were used as indicators of estrogen exposure in the present study. HRT is a powerful risk factor for breast cancer 28 and was associated with all HMG-CoAR defined subgroups of breast cancer, although relative risks were slightly higher in the groups of tumours with strong HMG-CoAR expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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HMG‐CoA reductase expression in breast cancer is associated with a less aggressive phenotype and influenced by anthropometric factors

Borgquist

Djerbi

Pontén

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Although several studies have reported on the anti-tumoural properties exerted by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) inhibitors (statins), the in vivo expression of HMG-CoAR in human cancer has been considerably less investigated. In our study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of HMG-CoAR in 511 incident breast cancers within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in order to explore its relationship to established clinicopathological and tumour biological parameters. Furthermore, the potential influence of estrogen exposure on HMG-CoAR expression was assessed by performing Cox's proportional hazards analyses of the relationship between the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), obesity (waist circumference) and tumour-cell specific HMG-CoAR expression. We found that HMG-CoAR was present in various fractions and intensities in the cytoplasm, sometimes with a membranous pattern, but not in the tumour cell nuclei. The expression of HMG-CoAR was associated with a smaller tumour size (p = 0.02), low histological grade (p = 0.001), low Ki67 index (p = 0.004), ERalpha+ (p = 0.02), ERbeta+ (p = 0.005), and high p27 expression (p = <0.001). The incidence of tumours with a high HMG-CoAR-expression was increased among HRT-users, although this was not statistically significant in a heterogeneity analysis. Obesity was significantly associated with a high HMG-CoAR expression assessed both as a high (>50%) fraction of positive cells (relative risk: 2.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.20-3.51), and a strong staining intensity (2.33: 1.08-5.02). In summary, we demonstrate that HMG-CoAR is differentially expressed in breast cancer and that a high expression is associated with prognostically favourable tumour parameters. Moreover, estrogen related life-style and anthropometric factors might indeed regulate HMG-CoAR expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…17 We further aimed to analyse the association between tumour-specific HMG-CoAR expression and hormone related factors such as HRT use and obesity. 18 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HMG‐CoA reductase expression in breast cancer is associated with a less aggressive phenotype and influenced by anthropometric factors

Borgquist

Djerbi

Pontén

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…After menopause adipose tissue becomes the major site for estrogen synthesis, where 17β-HSD1 catalyzes E1 to the biologically more active E2. A recent study found that blood levels of E2 after HRT use showed a significant positive correlation with BMI in postmenopausal women or bilaterally ovariectomized women [24]. Therefore, it is possible that soy isoflavones may inhibit the conversion from E1 to E2 in adipose tissue among postmenopausal women who used HRTand possessed at least one A allele for the rs605059.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of soy and 17β-HSD1 gene polymorphisms in the risk of endometrial cancer

Dai

Wang

Long

et al. 2007

Pharmacogenetics and Genomics

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“…According to this hypothesis, the association between obesity and colorectal cancer in women may depend on the balance between two opposing biological mechanisms. Obesity increases risk through mechanisms involving insulin and insulin-like growth factors [9,10], and simultaneously reduces risk through increased synthesis of estrogen in fat tissue [11][12][13]. Among postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), estrogen synthesized by fat tissue may counterbalance the increased risk from insulin related mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), estrogen synthesized by fat tissue may counterbalance the increased risk from insulin related mechanisms. In contrast, among premenopausal women, or women using HRT, estrogen synthesized by fat tissue may make a negligible contribution relative to estrogen from other sources [8,12,14], and therefore may not counterbalance the increased risk from insulin related mechanisms. As a result, BMI has been hypothesized to be more strongly associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer among premenopausal women and postmenopausal women using HRT, than among postmenopausal women not using HRT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of evidence for effect modification by estrogen of association between body mass index and colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal women

Wang

Jacobs

Teras

et al. 2007

Cancer Causes Control

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Serum estrogen level after hormone replacement therapy and body mass index in postmenopausal and bilaterally ovariectomized women

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

HMG‐CoA reductase expression in breast cancer is associated with a less aggressive phenotype and influenced by anthropometric factors

HMG‐CoA reductase expression in breast cancer is associated with a less aggressive phenotype and influenced by anthropometric factors

Interaction of soy and 17β-HSD1 gene polymorphisms in the risk of endometrial cancer

Lack of evidence for effect modification by estrogen of association between body mass index and colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal women

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