Serum estradiol level predicts acute kidney injury in medical intensive care unit patients

Gokalp, Cenk; İlgen, Ufuk; Otman, Eda; Doğan, Fulya; Bozkurt, Devrim; Bacakoğlu, Feza; Gürgün, Cemil; Özgen, A. Gökhan; Duman, Soner

doi:10.1007/s11739-022-03077-8

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…14 Consistently, age has been shown to increase the incidence of AKI in men and women. 15,16 Preclinical studies also show a more robust resistance to models of AKI in females than males. Several models exist within which variations of time, dose, etc., are used.…”

Section: Aki In Women and Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Differences in AKI

Curtis

2023

Kidney360

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Sex differences in acute kidney injury (AKI) continue to be identified. Generally, women are protected from AKI when compared to men. Much of the protection exhibited in women is diminished after menopause. These sex and age effects have also been noted in animal models of AKI. Gonadal hormones, as modifiers of incidence, severity, and progression of AKI, have been offered as likely contributors to this sex and age effect. In animal models of AKI, estrogen and testosterone appear to modulate susceptibility. Questions remain however regarding cellular and molecular changes that are initiated by modulation of these hormones, as both estrogen and testosterone have effects across cell types that play a role in AKI. Although findings have largely been informed by studies in males, molecular pathways that are involved in the initiation and progression of AKI may be modulated by gonadal hormones. Compounding the hormone-receptor effects are developmental effects of sex chromosomal complement and epigenetic influences that may confer sex-based baseline differences in gene and protein expression, and gene dosage effects of X-inactivation and escape on molecular pathways. Elucidation of sex-based protection may afford a more complete view of AKI and potential therapeutic interventions. Further, the impact on susceptibility to AKI in transgender patients, who receive life-altering and essential gender-affirming hormone therapy, requires greater attention. In this review, several potential contributors to the sex differences observed in humans and animal models are discussed.

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Section: Aki In Women and Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%