Serum Enzyme Monitoring in Sports Medicine

Influence of Acqua Lete® (Bicarbonate Calcic Natural Mineral Water) Hydration on Blood Lactate After Exercise

“…After its continuous production in citosol by LDH5 (M4), lactate diffusing in mitochondrial matrix, where LDH1 (H4) would catalyse the conversion of lactate back to pyruvate, with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD. The evaluation of total LDH and its isoenzymes allows obtaining much information about the muscle metabolism [4]. In fact strenuous exercise induces a significant increase of LDH [31] and the degree of the rise depends on the intensity and duration of the effort [32,33].…”

“…High activity of cytosolic LDH is considered to guarantee La -formation in the cytosol under virtually all conditions but especially during exercise; total serum LDH and specific isoenzymes activities change with training status of the athlete. Variation in LDH isoenzymes profile might have a role in studying muscle response to training and particularly LDH5 is the isoenzyme involved in lactate production [4]. Lactate production is compensated by the displacement of bicarbonate into carbon dioxide, which is lost through the lungs during exercise more rapidly than it is produced by cell respiration [5].…”

Individual analysis of creatine kinase concentration in Brazilian elite soccer players

“…The observed positive correlation between training volume and %ΔCKGame as well as the absence of correlation with training intensities indicates that training volume, likewise type of exercise 21 might be, among others, one factor that influences the CK concentration 7 . However, only 12% of common variance exists between training volume and CK concentration.…”

“…The reference value of physiological parameters are important for interpretation of data 16 . However, the use of fixed reference values for CK concentration as indicators of severe muscle damage is made difficult due to rather high inter and intra individual variability 6,7,15 . Another concurring factor might be the training status of the athletes 17 .…”

“…Moreover, soccer is an intermittent and high intensity sport 4 presenting many eccentric muscle actions as jumps and direction changes during a match 5 . Thus, muscle actions are the main causes of skeletal muscle damage 6 which increase the permeability of the plasmatic membrane and the release of cytoplasmatic enzymes into the blood stream 7 . Among these enymes, creatine kinase (CK) has been described as a good marker of muscle damage and the peak CK concentration has been associated with changes in the peak of maximal isometric strength as well as the changes in the knee-joint range of motion 8 .…”