Serum electrolytes can promote hydroxyl radical-initiated biomolecular damage from inflammation

Komaki, Yukako; Simpson, Adam M.-A.; Choe, Jonggeun; Pinney, Margaux M.; Herschlag, Daniel; Chuang, Yi-Hsueh; Mitch, William A.

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.023

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The ABTS test is frequently used in measuring the total antioxidant ability of a single compound mixed with various samples in organic or aqueous solvent systems [ 30 ]. The hydroxyl free radical is the most ROS and generates oxidative injury to biomolecules by a series of reactions [ 31 ]. In this study, both the FDO and DDO performed well in scavenging the DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Antioxidant Activities and Polysaccharide Characterization of Fresh and Dry Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

et al. 2022

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It is generally believed that fresh Dendrobium officinale (FDO) has more significant pharmacological activity than dried Dendrobium officinale (DDO); however, the difference has not been clearly shown. Our study compared their antioxidant properties both in vitro and in vivo, and the molecular weight arrangement and monosaccharide composition of the fresh Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (FDOPs) and the dried Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DDOPs) were analyzed by HPLC-GPC and GC-MS. The results showed that the FDO and its polysaccharides had more significant effects on scavenging DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals than the DDO. In addition, both the FDO and DDO significantly reduced lipid peroxidation levels and increased the SOD, T-AOC, CAT, and GSH levels in mice with acute liver damage caused by CCl4, while the FDO and its polysaccharides were more effective. Histopathological analysis further verified the protective effect of the Dendrobium polysaccharides on CCl4-induced liver injury. The determination of the polysaccharides revealed that the polysaccharide and mannose contents of the FDO were significantly higher than their dried counterparts, and the homogeneous arrangement of the polysaccharides in the FDO was degraded into three polysaccharide fragments of different molecular weights in the DDO. Overall, our data identified differences in the antioxidant activities of the FDO and DDO, as well as the reasons for these differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Antioxidant Activities and Polysaccharide Characterization of Fresh and Dry Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

et al. 2022

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“…Besides, ClBr •– may also be generated, from the reactions between HO • and bromide introduced from the impurity of sodium chloride (0.0036 mol %), and contribute to carbamazepine degradation, , although the reactivities of ClBr •– and carbamazepine remains unknown. For the scenario with bicarbonate, the enhanced ClO • generation was hypothesized to be attributed to the elevated concentration of CO 3 •– , , which subsequently reacts with free chlorine to produce ClO • (CO 3 •– + ClO – → CO 3 2– + ClO • ) . The above hypotheses remain to be verified, and uncertainties remain regarding the influences of DOM on RNS generation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…•− via eqs 23−25 in Table S1. Besides, ClBr •− may also be generated, from the reactions between HO • and bromide introduced from the impurity of sodium chloride (0.0036 mol %), and contribute to carbamazepine degradation, 42,43 although the reactivities of ClBr •− and carbamazepine remains unknown. For the scenario with bicarbonate, the enhanced ClO • generation was hypothesized to be attributed to the elevated concentration of CO 3…”

Section: •−mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant Dissolved Oxygen-Independent Pathway to Form Hydroxyl Radicals and the Generation of Reactive Chlorine and Nitrogen Species in Breakpoint Chlorination

Shang

Sun

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Due to the complexities of the interactions between ammonia, chlor(am)ine, and intermediate species such as ONOOH, the radical formation in breakpoint chlorination and the consequential removal of micropollutants remain largely unexplored. In this study, the dominant generation pathway of HO•, as a primary radical in breakpoint chlorination, was examined, and the generations of HO•, reactive chlorine species (RCS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were quantitatively evaluated. A dissolved oxygen (DO)-independent pathway was verified by 18O labeling and contributed over 90% to HO• generation. The commonly believed pathway, the decomposition of ONOOH involving DO, contributed only 7% to HO• formation in breakpoint chlorination. The chlorine to nitrogen (Cl/N) ratio and pH greatly affected the generations and speciations of the reactive species. An optimum Cl/N mass ratio for HO•, Cl2 •–, and RNS generations occurred at the breakpoint (i.e., Cl/N mass ratio = 9), whereas excessive free chlorine shifted the radical speciation toward ClO• at Cl/N mass ratios above the breakpoint. Basic conditions inhibited the generations of HO• and RNS but significantly promoted that of ClO•. These findings improved the fundamental understanding of the radical chemistry of breakpoint chlorination, which can be extended to estimate the degradations of micropollutants of known rate constants toward the reactive species with influences from the Cl/N ratio and pH in real-world applications.

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“…11 Here we report an additional 37 publications that have mechanisms including this loop. 51,64,65,[67][68][69][70][71][81][82][83]85,[87][88][89][90][92][93][94][95]97,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][108][109][110][111][112][113]118,119 In our previous report we showed that correcting Loop ''D'' by supplying the requisite value for the reverse rate constant in the first step had no effect on the simulations of the overall mechanism in one of the publications. This outcome was traced to the fact that the first step could be eliminated entirely without affecting the results of the simulation.…”

Section: Subsequent Reports With Illegal Loopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two examples of published illegal loops involving HClOH˙ are discussed below. A total of 18 such illegal loops have been published, 10,18,20,21,23,26,27,30–33,35,39,40,46–118 and these are described in the ESI †…”

Section: Subsequent Reports With Illegal Loopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misconceptions about the chemistry of aqueous chlorine atoms and HClOH˙(aq), and a revised mechanism for the photochemical peroxydisulfate/chloride reaction

Stanbury

2022

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Serum electrolytes can promote hydroxyl radical-initiated biomolecular damage from inflammation

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Comparison of the Antioxidant Activities and Polysaccharide Characterization of Fresh and Dry Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

Comparison of the Antioxidant Activities and Polysaccharide Characterization of Fresh and Dry Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

Dominant Dissolved Oxygen-Independent Pathway to Form Hydroxyl Radicals and the Generation of Reactive Chlorine and Nitrogen Species in Breakpoint Chlorination

Misconceptions about the chemistry of aqueous chlorine atoms and HClOH˙(aq), and a revised mechanism for the photochemical peroxydisulfate/chloride reaction

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