Serum elabela and apelin levels during different stages of chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Purpose: The association of serum elabela (ELA) and apelin with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown. We determined if serum ELA and apelin levels were associated with CKD stage. Methods: This observational study involved 60 CKD patients and 20 healthy, age-, race-, and gender-matched controls. The participants were grouped according to renal function as follows: normal control group, CKD1 group (stage-1 CKD, 20 patients), CKD3 group (stage-3 CKD, 20 patients), and CKD5 group (stage-5 CKD, 20 patients) in accordance with the Kidney Disease Outcomes-Quality Initiative criteria. We recorded the demographic, clinical, and biochemical data of all participants. Serum ELA and apelin levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Serum ELA levels gradually and significantly declined with decreases in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Serum ELA showed significant negative correlations with serum creatinine (r ¼ À0.529, p < .001), blood urea nitrogen (r ¼ À0.575, p < .001), systolic blood pressure (r ¼ À0.455, p < .001), and diastolic blood pressure (r ¼ À0.450, p < .001), and significant positive correlations with hemoglobin (r ¼ 0.523, p < .001) and eGFR (r ¼ 0.728, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis showed that eGFR independently influenced serum ELA levels. No significant association was found between serum apelin levels and CKD progression. Conclusion: In CKD patients, serum ELA levels decreased with decreasing eGFR. This finding may provide a new target for the prediction, diagnosis, and staging of CKD.

Elabela Protects Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats From Hypertension and Cardiorenal Dysfunctions Exacerbated by Dietary High-Salt Intake

“…Accordingly, Elabela treatment was recently reported to preserve the glomerular structure, to prevent renal fibrosis and to block the expression of fibrosis-related genes in the kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive rats on a high-salt diet and deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt-treated rats (Schreiber et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2020b;Xu et al, 2020). Consistently, recent clinical data have shown, in contrast to Ape13, that the decrease in serum Elabela levels is also strongly associated with deterioration of renal function and worsening stages of chronic kidney disease (Lu et al, 2020).…”

The interaction partners of (pro)renin receptor in the distal nephron

“…The apelinergic system in circulating as well as local tissues is regulated in multiple pathophysiology conditions. Several clinical studies have reported that lower levels of circulating ELA and apelin in patients with hypertension 102‐105 and kidney disease 106‐109 . This phenomenon in clinical studies has been recapitulated by the animal experiments.…”

Elabela Attenuates the TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis

“…Further, compared with healthy people, serum ELA is lower in patients with diabetic nephropathy ( Onalan et al, 2020 ). In patients with CKD, the serum ELA level gradually decreases with the reduced GFR level, with the lowest values observed in patients with CKD5 ( Lu et al, 2020 ). In our study, we used rGFR to evaluate the residual renal function in patients on PD in comparison with that in patients with CKD5.…”

“…The serum levels of APLN and ELA in the human body are affected by renal function ( Dogan et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2020 ). Moreover, in patients undergoing PD, the changes in serum levels of ELA and APLN and factors influencing these changes remain unclear.…”