Serum Derived Transfer Factor Stimulates the Innate Immune System to Improve Survival Traits in High Risk Pathogen Scenarios

Willeford, Bridget V.; Shapiro-Dunlap, Trudy; Willeford, Kenneth O.

doi:10.1002/ddr.21392

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition, it induces immune, rapid, and sensitive responses to the recipients that could be demonstrated within 24-48 h [9]. The caprine serum-derived TF improved the ability to survive high-risk infectious challenges by altering the mice's cytokine response profile [10]. In the course of solid tumor therapy, the TF of human promoted the activation of white blood cells, as well as total lymphocytes and their subsets, thereby stimulating the immune response, especially when used for 12 months in patients [11].…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Chicken Spleen Transfer Factor on Intestinal Mucosa Immunity Barrier of Laying Hens

J¹,

B²,

Li³

et al. 2021

austinjanalpharmchem

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Chicken spleen Transfer Factor (TF) is a low-molecular-weight lymphocyte extract composed of polypeptide and nucleotide. However, its role in regulating intestinal structure and function in laying hens has remained largely unknown. 100 one-day-old laying hens were randomly divided into five groups and administered with different doses of TF (0.00 [control], 0.05mL, 0.10mL, 0.25mL and 1.00mL). The results showed that the high dose of TF (1.00mL) improved the intestinal mucosa morphology and strengthened the digestive and absorption function. Furthermore, the histology analysis revealed an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells. Similarly, the results from ELISA demonstrated an increase in the content of IL-10 in the intestinal tract, while the content of TNF-a showed a decrease in this regard. The RT-PCR assay also demonstrated the upregulation of the relative mRNA expressions of Muc2, TLR-2, and TLR-4 genes. The intestinal antioxidant function was significantly enhanced. In conclusion, high-dose of TF can improve the intestinal mucosa morphology and structure, enhance digestion and absorption functions, enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier immune function and antioxidant function, and up-regulate Muc2, TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene relative expression.

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Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Chicken Spleen Transfer Factor on Intestinal Mucosa Immunity Barrier of Laying Hens

J¹,

B²,

Li³

et al. 2021

austinjanalpharmchem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even so, it also enhances immune regulation as a rise in IL-10 has been documented. 126 Clinically, it has shown benefit in some trials against infections, 126,129,130 cancer -both in murine and in human studies- 126,128,131 ) and autoimmune diseases. Even so, searching PubMed indexed journals randomized trials and DBPC studies with DLE are still very scarce and thus its use remains poorly sustained at the moment, but it might be a promising option for the future.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to untangle facts from fictions

Larenas‐Linnemann¹,

Rodríguez-Pérez²,

Arias-Cruz³

et al. 2020

World Allergy Organization Journal

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Introduction In the light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, during which the world is confronted with a new, highly contagious virus that suppresses innate immunity as one of its initial virulence mechanisms, thus escaping from the first-line human defense mechanisms, enhancing innate immunity seems a good preventive strategy. Methods Without the intention to write an official systematic review, but more to give an overview of possible strategies, in this review article we discuss several interventions that might stimulate innate immunity and thus our defense against (viral) respiratory tract infections. Some of these interventions can also stimulate the adaptive T- and B-cell responses, but our main focus is on the innate part of immunity. We divide the reviewed interventions in: 1) lifestyle related (exercise, >7 hours sleep, forest walking, meditation/mindfulness, vitamin supplementation); 2) Non-specific immune stimulants (letting fever advance, bacterial vaccines, probiotics, dialyzable leukocyte extract, pidotimod) and 3) specific vaccines with heterologous effect (BCG vaccine, mumps-measles-rubeola vaccine, i.e.). Results For each of these interventions we briefly comment on their definition, possible mechanisms and evidence of clinical efficacy or lack of it, especially focusing on respiratory tract infections, viral infections and eventually a reduced mortality in severe respiratory infections in the intensive care unit. At the end a summary table demonstrates the best trials supporting (or not) clinical evidence. Conclusion Several interventions have some degree of evidence for enhancing the innate immune response and thus conveying possible benefit, but specific trials in COVID-19 should be conducted to support solid recommendations.

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“…In addition, it induces immune, rapid, and sensitive responses to the recipients that could be demonstrated within 24-48 h (9). The caprine serum-derived TF improved the ability to survive high-risk infectious challenges by altering the mice's cytokine response pro le (10). In the course of solid tumor therapy, the TF of human promoted the activation of white blood cells, as well as total lymphocytes and their subsets, thereby stimulating the immune response, especially when used for 12 months in patients (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Chicken Spleen Transfer Factor on Intestinal Mucosa Immunity Barrier of Laying Hens

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Chicken spleen transfer factor (TF) is a low-molecular-weight lymphocyte extract composed of polypeptide and nucleotide. This factor is obtained by repeated freeze-thaw dialysis of the specific-pathogen-free chicken spleen and can transfer cell-mediated immunity from immunocompetent donors to recipients. However, its role in regulating intestinal digestion and absorption and mucosal immunity in laying hens has remained largely unknown. Results To explore the effect of TF on intestinal mucosa barrier function, 100 one-day-old White Leghorns laying hens were randomly divided into five groups and administered with different doses of TF (0.00 [control], 0.05 mL, 0.10 mL, 0.25 mL, and 1.00 mL). The chickens received orally TF from days 5 to 12, and they were then raised a week without it. Tissue sampling was performed on the 12th and 19th days. The results showed that the high dose of TF (1.00 mL) improved the intestinal mucosa morphology and strengthened the digestive and absorption function. Furthermore, the histology analysis revealed an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells. Similarly, the results from ELISA demonstrated an increase in the content of IL-10 in the intestinal tract, while the content of TNF-α showed a decrease in this regard. The RT-PCR assay also demonstrated the upregulation of the relative mRNA expressions of Muc2, TLR-2, and TLR-4 genes in the small intestine and rectum. The intestinal antioxidant function was significantly enhanced. After stopping the TF administration for a week, its effect on the intestinal mucosa barrier was still detectable; however, it was followed by a weakened effect. Conclusions In conclusion, high-dose (TF-1.00mL) of TF can improve the intestinal mucosa morphology and structure, enhance digestion and absorption functions, enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier immune function and antioxidant function, and up-regulate Muc2, TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene relative expression.

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Serum Derived Transfer Factor Stimulates the Innate Immune System to Improve Survival Traits in High Risk Pathogen Scenarios

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

The Effect of Chicken Spleen Transfer Factor on Intestinal Mucosa Immunity Barrier of Laying Hens

The Effect of Chicken Spleen Transfer Factor on Intestinal Mucosa Immunity Barrier of Laying Hens

Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to untangle facts from fictions

The Effect of Chicken Spleen Transfer Factor on Intestinal Mucosa Immunity Barrier of Laying Hens

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