Serum-derived piR-hsa-164586 of extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of death in those with malignant tumors. To achieve the early diagnosis of NSCLC, we investigated serum-derived Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) of extracellular vesicles to filter diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC. High-throughput sequencing from cancerous tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues in patients with NSCLC was first applied to recognize candidate piRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers. These screened piRNAs were further validated in 115 patients (including 95 cases in stage I) and 47 healthy individuals using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We showed that piR-hsa-164586 was significantly upregulated compared with paracancerous tissues and extracellular vesicles from the serum samples of healthy individuals. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) value of piR-hsa-164586 was 0.623 and 0.624 to distinguish patients with all stages or stage I of NSCLC, respectively, from healthy individuals. The diagnostic performance of piR-hsa-164586 was greatly improved compared with the cytokeratin-19-fragment (CYFRA21-1). Additionally, piR-hs-164586 was associated with the clinical characteristics of patients with NSCLC. Its expression was associated with the age and TNM stage of patients with NSCLC, indicating that it can serve as an effective and promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.

Non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: insights into their functions

“…In order to successfully detect NSCLC at an early stage, Li and colleagues conducted a thorough investigation of serum-based extracellular vesicle piRNA in order to identify potential diagnostic indicators for the disease ( Li Y. et al, 2022 ). Researchers used a high-throughput sequencing method to identify potential piRNA biomarkers in cancerous and noncancerous tissues of patients with NSCLC.…”

“…Compared to a commonly used biomarker, CYFRA21-1, piR-hsa-164586 showed better diagnostic performance. The piR-hsa-164586 was also correlated with clinical characteristics of NSCLC patients, such as age and TNM stage, making it a promising biomarker for early detection of NSCLC ( Li Y. et al, 2022 ).…”

Multi-omics of extracellular vesicles: An integrative representation of functional mediators and perspectives on lung disease study

“…Similarly, based on serum-derived Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) of EVs from healthy and diseased individuals, a candidate signature piRNA has been screened by differential expression analysis and validated by quantitative real-time PCR, with an assessment by the area under the curve value and associated analysis as to age and the TNM stage of patients. This would be an effective and promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC ( Li et al, 2022 ). Meanwhile, an EV protein, fibronectin, can be detected by an efficient bioinformatic analysis and validated by in silico immunohistochemical and parallel reaction monitoring; this method was assessed with satisfactory classification accuracy in an independent NSCLC cohort ( An et al, 2019 ).…”

Editorial: Influence of potential diagnostic biomarkers in lung cancer

“…, Knapp et al. ), circulating microRNA (miRNA), non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) ( 8 ). Most of these biomarkers originate directly from the tumor sites and enter the peripheral bloodstream during the early stages of the disease, making them indicators of early-stage cancer or potential markers for early metastasis.…”