Serum Cytokines Profile in Treated Celiac Disease Compared with Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Control: a Marker for Differentiation

Heydari, Fatemeh; Rostami-Nejad, Mohammad; Moheb-Alian, Ali; Mollahoseini, Mostafa Haji; Rostami, Kamran; Pourhoseingholi, Mohamad Amin; Aghamohammadi, Elham; Zali, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.273.hey

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Bernardo et al [25] also obtained the same result after the evaluation of 42 CD patients and 24 healthy individuals in a gastroenterology clinic for intestinal pathologies. However, IL-15 did not increase in NCGS group [7] . In our study, the diagnostic power of the IL-15 was evaluated and indicated that it is not an efficient tool for detecting CD (sensitivity = 57.30%) in the NCGS group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Furthermore, more than 68.79 ng/ml of this cytokine could be considered as an evidence of CD by comparing it with the healthy control group. Heydari et al [7] and Di Sabatini et al [24] reported that the serum IL-1α and IL-1β levels were not significantly different among CD, NCGS, and healthy control groups. In contrast, Manavalan et al [5] showed a high level of IL-1β in CD patients compared to the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…IL-8, as a proinﬂammatory chemokine, belongs to chemokine family and plays a pivotal role in neutrophil degranulation. In previous studies, a significant expression of IL-8 was demonstrated in the CD patients compared to other groups, which could be explained as the long time activation of proinflammatory responses in the intestine of CD patients [ 7 , 26 ] . In addition, IL-8 (>29.5) almost had a high accuracy (78%) to diagnose CD patients among NCGS population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, production of IFN-γ leads to T cells activation in small intestinal mucosa, which observed in the active form of CD [6] . Activation of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes is main cause of IL-15 elevation [7] . The role of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α in mediating the mucosal damage has also been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Predictive Value of Serum Cytokines for Distinguishing Celiac Disease from Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Healthy Subjects

Masaebi

Looha

Rostami-Nejad

et al. 2020

ibj

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Background: It has been established that the level of some inflammatory cytokines increases in CD and NCGS in comparison with healthy subjects. Therefore, the primary interest in our research was proposing an accurate tool to diagnose patients with CD and NCGS from healthy individuals in an Iranian population. Methods: The serum samples were examined in 171 participants, including 110 CD patients, 46 healthy individuals, and 15 NCGS. The commercial ELISA kits were used to detect the level of the following cytokines: IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and IFN-γ. The ROC curve analysis was applied to determine the optimal thresholds for high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of cytokines, as the indicators of CD, NCGS, and healthy control groups. Results: In NCGS group, the values of AUC for IL-1, IL-8, and IFN-γ were 71%, 78%, and 70%, respectively. To differentiate the CD and NCGS groups from the control group, IL-15 had the highest sensitivity (82.70%), specificity (56.50%), positive predictive value (81.98%), and negative predictive value (57.78%), followed by IL-8 with the highest sensitivity of 74.50%, specificity of 73.30%, and positive and negative predictive values of 95.35% and 30.21%, respectively. Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrate that IL-15 and IL-8 could be proposed as potential markers in their optimal cutoff points for distinguishing CD from the NCGS and the healthy control. Based on our findings, the evaluation of cytokine levels can be recommended as a useful tool for the diagnosis of CD and NCGS in a clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Predictive Value of Serum Cytokines for Distinguishing Celiac Disease from Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Healthy Subjects

Masaebi

Looha

Rostami-Nejad

et al. 2020

ibj

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“…These ndings have been previously reported in sera. In fact, to our knowledge, this is the rst depiction of cytokine production on duodenal mucosa from NCSRGS patients by immunohistochemistry, since other studies have evaluated cytokine levels on serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells or duodenal mucosa culture supernatants by ELISA (32)(33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

More fuel to the fire: Some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa.

Castillo-Rodal

Furuzawa‐Carballeda

Peláez-Luna

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: In contrast to the well characterized Celiac Disease (CD), the clinical scenarios encompassed by non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity might be related to different antigens that trigger distinct immune-inflammatory reactions. Although an increased number of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) is observed at the inception of both diseases, subsequent immunopathogenic pathways seem to be different. We aimed to describe the cytokine profile showcased by the duodenal mucosa of patients with self-reported wheat intolerance.Methods: In a blind, cross-sectional study, we included duodenal biopsies from 15 consecutive untreated patients with active CD, 9 individuals with self-reported NCSRWS and 10 subjects with dyspepsia without CD and food intolerances. Using Immunohistochemistry and flow- cytometry we determined the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokine expressing monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells involved in innate immune activation, cytokine-driven polarization and maintenance of Th1 and Th17/Th22, and anti-inflammatory/profibrogenic cytokines. Results: The percentage of cells expressing all tested cytokines in lamina propria and epithelium was higher in CD patients than control group. Cytokines that induce and maintain Th1 and Th17 polarization were higher in CD than in NCSRWS and controls; and higher in NCSRWS compared to controls. Similar differences were detected in the expression of IL-4 and TGF- β1, while IL-10-expressing cells were lower in NCSRWS patients than in controls and CD subjects. Conclusions : NCSRWS patients exhibit components of both, innate and adaptive immune mechanisms but to a lesser extent compared to CD.

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Defining IL‐6 levels in healthy individuals: A meta‐analysis

Said

Al-Reesi

Al-Shizawi

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

104

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Background Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is produced by and impacts different cell types in human. IL‐6 is associated with different diseases and viral infections, including COVID‐19. To our knowledge, no normal values were reported for IL‐6 in the blood of healthy individuals. We have reviewed and performed a meta‐analysis on a total of 140 studies, including 12,421 values for IL‐6 in the blood of healthy adult donors. Among these studies, 83 did not report a mean value and the standard deviation. Therefore, for the statistical analysis, we used the values reported in 57 studies, which included 3166 values for IL‐6. Results The reported values for IL‐6 in the blood of healthy donors varied between 0 and 43.5 pg/ml. The pooled estimate of IL‐6 was 5.186 pg/ml (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.631, 5.740). As the age increased by 1 year, IL‐6 values increased by 0.05 pg/ml (95% CI: 0.02, 0.09; p < .01). Though the heterogenicity, as determined by I2 statistics, was high in our study, the differences in IL‐6 values are still at the level of a few pg/ml, which might be related to the differences in the conditions that influence IL‐6 production in the healthy population. Conclusions This is the first meta‐analysis reporting the levels of IL‐6 in the blood of healthy donors based on a large number of studies and donors. Therefore the 95% CI values determined in our study could well serve as a reference range for quick decision‐making in clinical interventions, particularly those aiming to inhibit IL‐6, especially urgent interventions, for example, COVID‐19.

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Serum Cytokines Profile in Treated Celiac Disease Compared with Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Control: a Marker for Differentiation

Abstract: Inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of CD, and their serum levels might help to identify a diagnostic marker to differentiate CD from NCGS. However, further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

The Predictive Value of Serum Cytokines for Distinguishing Celiac Disease from Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Healthy Subjects

The Predictive Value of Serum Cytokines for Distinguishing Celiac Disease from Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Healthy Subjects

More fuel to the fire: Some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa.

Defining IL‐6 levels in healthy individuals: A meta‐analysis

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