Serum cytokine levels in human ascariasis and toxocariasis

Malla, Nancy; Fomda, Bashir Ahmad; Thokar, Manzoor Ahmad

doi:10.1007/s00436-005-0081-z

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…That these findings are in concordance with some studies [30,31] but in disagreement with others [28,29] is not entirely surprising. In the particular case of A. lumbricoides infections, contrasting results are reported throughout the literature [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Similarly, a study by Malla et al . in India reported ranges from 0 to 60 pg/mL in infected patients and from 0 to 5 in the control groups [29]. In the Ecuadorian study, IL-10 mean concentrations in cord blood ranged from 0 to 5 pg/mL, with a few outlying values of < 20 pg/mL [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier, in 2006, a study on ascariasis and toxocariasis in India utilized a commercial ELISA to test 46 patients and 19 controls for various cytokines including IL-10. This study found that patients with both infections as well as those with ascariasis only had significantly higher IL-10 levels than healthy controls [29]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin-10 and soil-transmitted helminth infections in Honduran children

2015

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BackgroundSoil-transmitted helminths (STH) establish chronic infections in the human intestine. The host reacts to these infections with a dominant T-helper type 2 cell (Th2) response that while attempting to control the worm population, can also provide an anti-inflammatory environment favourable for parasite survival. Regulatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) has been proposed as a key molecule involved in the attenuation of chronic inflammation and the ensuing tolerance for these helminth parasites. The objective of this study was to determine whether STH-infected children from an endemic community had increased circulating IL-10 levels when compared to non-infected children.ResultsA total of 39 children (25 boys and 14 girls, 7–15 years of age) were enrolled in study. Utilizing the Kato-Katz method to detect intestinal helminthiases, 10 children were non-infected and 29 were harbouring STH infections by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and/or hookworms. Of the 29 infected children, 11 had single-species infections and 18 were polyparasitized with two or three STH species. Serum samples from all 39 children were tested for IL-10 serum concentrations, out of which 12 had undetectable levels while 27 had levels ranging from 0.4-105 pg/mL. Excluding extreme outlying values, 25 samples had IL-10 concentration values ranging from 0.4 -7.2 pg/mL. Differences in IL-10 levels among non-parasitized, monoparasitized, and polyparasitized groups were not statistically significant. However, children infected with any of the three STH species investigated had higher IL-10 levels than non-parasitized children (geometric means: 0.89 pg/mL vs. 0.74 pg/mL, p = 0.428). Similarly, polyparasitized children had higher IL-10 levels than both monoparasitized and non-parasitized children (1.04 pg/mL, 0.69 pg/mL, and 0.74 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.481). A significant moderate negative correlation between IL-10 levels and children’s age was found, but no correlations were observed between IL-10 levels and intensity of infection by any of the parasite species investigated.ConclusionsWe found no strong evidence for an association between STH infection and serum IL-10 concentration levels. However, the trends identified here warrant further investigation. Additional research is needed to expand the current understanding of the immune response elicited by STH infections in children living in endemic communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin-10 and soil-transmitted helminth infections in Honduran children

2015

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“…Serum IL-5 concentration is higher in patients infected with parasites than in healthy subjects (59). Moreover, in animal studies, helminth infection before systemic OVA sensitization suppressed Ag-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation, whereas helminth infection after sensitization did not (20,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

IL-5-Induced Hypereosinophilia Suppresses the Antigen-Induced Immune Response via a TGF-β-Dependent Mechanism

Nakagome

Dohi

Okunishi

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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Although eosinophils play an essential role in allergic inflammation, their role has recently been under controversy. Epidemic studies suggest that hypereosinophilia induced by parasite infection could suppress subsequent Ag sensitization, although the mechanism has not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated whether eosinophils could suppress the Ag-specific immune response in the airway. BALB/c mice were sensitized and airway challenged with OVA. Systemic hypereosinophilia was induced by delivery of an IL-5-producing plasmid. IL-5 gene delivery suppressed the Ag-specific proliferation and cytokine production of CD4+ T cells in the spleen. IL-5 gene delivery before OVA sensitization significantly suppressed airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness provoked by subsequent OVA airway challenge, while delivery during the OVA challenge did not suppress them. This IL-5-induced immune suppression was abolished in eosinophil-ablated mice, suggesting an essential role of eosinophils. IL-5 treatment increased the production of TGF-β1 in the spleen, and we demonstrated that the main cellular source of TGF-β1 production was eosinophils, using eosinophil-ablated mice and depletion study. TGF-β1, but not IL-5 itself, suppressed the Ag-specific immune response of CD4+ T cells in vitro. Furthermore, IL-5 treatment enhanced phosphorylation of Smad2 in CD4+ T cells. Finally, a TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor restored this IL-5-induced immune suppression both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that IL-5-induced hypereosinophilia could suppress sensitization to Ag via a TGF-β-dependent mechanism, thus suppressed allergic airway inflammation. Therefore, hypereosinophilia could reveal an immunosuppressive effect in the early stage of Ag-induced immune response.

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“…3 We have previously reported that ascariasis and toxocariasis positive patients showed T-helper type-2 cytokine response. 4 To the best of our knowledge, no conÞ rmed cases of ocular involvement by this helminth have been described previously from this region. We report a serologically conÞ rmed case of ocular toxocariasis.…”

Section: Membersmentioning

confidence: 91%