Serum Cytokine Levels and Their Relation to Clinical Features in Patients with Autoimmune Liver Diseases

Abstract

Serum cytokine levels were explored in a combined group of patients with autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) and separately in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and overlap syndrome. Overall, 60 patients with AILD, among them 32 patients with AIH and 28 patients with overlap syndrome, were included in the cross-sectional study. Serum cytokine levels were measured at baseline and compared to those of 21 healthy controls. Patients with AILD had significantly higher levels of IL-6 (0.70 (range 0.17–99.86) in patients with AILD compared to 0.40 (range 0.14–2.65) in controls, p < 0.01), IL-8 (1.66 (0.45–34.58) versus 0.53 (0.35–2.38), resp., p < 0.01), and TNF-α (2.61 (0.23–120.88) versus 1.65 (0.21–7.54), resp., p < 0.01). Adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed a pronounced relation of IL-8 and AILD, 48.36 (3.63–643.60), as well as AIH, 18.54 (1.08–318.54), and overlap syndrome, 23.85 (2.37–240.23), while the associations between the level of other cytokines and AILD were assessed as nonsignificant. In the language of absolute numbers, the increase of IL-8 serum level by 1 pg/mL had increased the chance for a patient to find himself in a group of AILD by 48.36 times. Also, high IL-8 serum levels were strongly related to clinical parameters.

Critical roles of conventional dendritic cells in autoimmune hepatitis via autophagy regulation

“…We then investigated the mechanisms involved in BMDCs maturation in EAH model, which is the recognized animal model of AIH. Accumulating evidence has shown that, in AIH patients and EAH model, the serum levels of LPS, TNF-α and IL-33 were markedly increased compared with that in healthy controls [22][23][24] . To reveal whether those elevated cytokines in AIH patients or EAH model could induce the maturation of BMDCs, im-BMDCs were stimulated in vitro with LPS, TNF-α and IL-33, respectively.…”

Correlative Monitoring of Immune Activation and Tissue Damage in Malignant Melanoma—An Algorithm for Identification of Tolerance Breakage During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy of Cancer

“…Therapy monitoring of human autoimmune diseases has identified several measurable blood and serum biomarkers which correlate with immune activity (Table 3). In autoimmunity, the used biomarkers vary depending on the kind of autoimmune disease reflecting different immunologic response mechanisms [25][26][27][28][29]. Therefore, in the presented study a panel of different biomarkers suggesting immune activation has been screened retrospectively for a temporal association with either the release of cancer-derived proteins in the serum or the rise of proteins from tissues which have been damaged by checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammation.…”

“…This approach has been tested for melanoma checkpoint inhibitor treatment in order to provide proof of principle, but it could represent a universal algorithm which might also be applicable to other cancer entities. [27,28] Peripheral blood count: elevated eosinophils Autoimmune pneumonitis [29] The next paragraph deals with theoretical considerations on the choice of biomarkers for detection of immune activation as well as for monitoring tissue damage of cancer cells and of organs targeted by immune-mediated side effects.…”

Clinical Picture, Diagnostics and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis

“…Вариантные формы различных заболеваний печени аутоиммунной этиологии (АИГ, ПБХ, ПСХ) называют синдромом перекреста. Обсуждаются их патофизиологические механизмы: случайное совпадение двух независимых аутоиммунных заболеваний или наличие у одного пациента одновременно двух аутоиммунных заболеваний [2,[19][20][21]. Сопутствующее заболевание печени усложняет диагностику и лечение АИГ [2].…”