Serum Cystatin C - Marker of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Morbidity in Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1-4

Abstract

Aim:The aim of the research was to compare the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and procoagulants with kidney function assessed by using cystatin C, serum creatinine, and eGFR and determine the sensitivity of cystatin C, serum creatinine and eGFR to total cardiovascular morbidity in patients with CKD stages 1-4.Methods:The research included 120 patients older than 18 years with CKD stages 1-4 monitored over a period of 24 months.Results:Serum cystatin C correlates with fibrinogen (p<0.01), serum albumin (p<0.01), D-dimer (p<0.05), antithrombin III (p<0.01) strongly in relation to the evaluation of kidney function based on serum creatinine and eGFR. By following cystatin C, creatinine and eGFR with comparison of ROC to total cardiovascular morbidity, the highest sensitivity in relation to the presence of cardiovascular morbidity shows cystatin C, then eGFR and the lowest, creatinine, with a significant difference between cystatin C and serum creatinine (p<0.05).Conclusion:Serum cystatin C is more strongly correlated with some biomarkers (fibrinogen, serum albumin, D-dimer, antithrombin III), while simultaneously showing a stronger sensitivity in relation to total cardiovascular morbidity compared with the assessment of kidney function based on serum creatinine and eGFR.

Evidence for a Role of Nerve Injury in Painful Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Cross-Sectional Proteomic Analysis of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

“…Cystatin C is a protein associated with inflammation. 83 Additionally, CSF cystatin C levels have previously been shown to correlate with pain status, 44, 67 although this idea has been at the center of some controversy. 31 …”

“…Cystatin C was chosen because the initial proteomics screen determined that it was increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic DD and because of its association with inflammation. 83 In addition, cystatin C was previously proposed as a putative CSF biomarker for pain, 44, 67 although this claim is controversial. 31 Hemopexin was selected because the initial proteomic screen found that it was significantly increased in painful DD, but not pain-free DD.…”

Circulating Angiopoietin-2 and Its Soluble Receptor Tie-2 Concentrations Are Related to Renal Function in Two Population-Based Cohorts

“…Additionally, elevated circulating ADMA concentrations and thus a reduced NO production are early forerunners of CKD, and may precede other diagnostic signs like the reduction of GFR [37]. Furthermore, cystatin C was found to be a marker not only of renal function but also of inflammation, as associations between cystatin C and proinflammatory cytokines like TNFα were detected [38]. Interestingly, serum creatinine concentrations and eGFR showed no association with this cytokine [38].…”

“…Furthermore, cystatin C was found to be a marker not only of renal function but also of inflammation, as associations between cystatin C and proinflammatory cytokines like TNFα were detected [38]. Interestingly, serum creatinine concentrations and eGFR showed no association with this cytokine [38]. TNFα is a trigger for exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies [1, 39, 40].…”

Serum Cystatin C, a Sensitive Marker of Renal Function and Cardiovascular Disease, Decreases After Smoking Cessation

“…The level of cystatin C is reported to be strongly correlated with inflammatory cytokine levels, blood pressure and blood coagulation factor tendency. 19 – 21 In addition, cystatin C serves as a predictive biomarker of cardiovascular events. 22 This suggests that cystatin C is not only a sensitive early predictor of kidney dysfunction, but also a powerful marker of cardiovascular disease.…”