Serum cotinine, vitamin D exposure levels and dental caries experience in U.S. adolescents

Akinkugbe, Aderonke A.; Moreno, Oswaldo; Brickhouse, Tegwyn H.

doi:10.1111/cdoe.12442

Cited by 17 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, vitamin D exerts several roles in the control of the human immune system, and an optimal vitamin D concentration (≥75 nmol/L) is associated with lower odds for dental caries in children [29,69,70]. However, the studies' results are contradictory [45,62,71,72].…”

Section: Vitamin D Deficiency In Tooth Mineralization and Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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Vitamin D (VD) levels have been gaining growing attention in Oral Health. During growth and adulthood, VD deficiency (VDD) is associated with a wide variety of oral health disorders, and impaired VD synthesis may expedite some of these conditions. In children, severe VDD can induce defective tooth mineralization, resulting in dentin and enamel defects. As a consequence, these defects may increase the risk of the onset and progression of dental caries. Further, VDD has been associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis and gingival inflammation, and several recent preclinical and clinical studies have unveiled potential pathways through which Vitamin D may interact with the periodontium. VDD correction through supplementation may contribute to a successful treatment of periodontitis; however, alveolar bone regeneration procedures performed in baseline VDD patients seem more prone to failure. Vitamin D may also be linked with some oral pathology entities such as certain oral cancers and events of osteonecrosis of the jaw. This review aims to provide comprehensive evidence of how VD levels should be considered to promote good oral health, and to summarize how VDD may hamper oral development and its role in certain oral conditions.

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Section: Vitamin D Deficiency In Tooth Mineralization and Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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“…Tobacco use smoke exposure for NHANES was assessed through the measurement of serum cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine. Cotinine has been used as a highly specific and sensitive biomarker in quantifying short-term exposure of tobacco use due to its relatively long half-life (15-20 h; nicotine: 2 h), and wide detection in biological fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, hair, and nails (Benowitz 1996;Benowitz et al 2009b;Akinkugbe et al 2019).…”

Section: Measurement Of Tobacco Smoke Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The association between tobacco smoke exposure and vitamin D levels among US general population, 2001–2014: temporal variation and inequalities in population susceptibility

Yuan

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Tobacco smoking is endocrine-disrupting and may interfere with vitamin D endocrine systems (VDES), but supporting evidence is limited and inconsistent. Also, there is a lack of evidence on whether the association between tobacco smoke exposure and VD levels exhibit temporal variation. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to evaluate the association between tobacco smoke exposure and VD levels among US general participants from 2001 to 2014. We examined the linear association between serum cotinine and 25(OH)D concentrations, as well as relationship between tobacco smoke exposure categories (active, passive, non-smoking) with VD status (deficiency, inadequacy, sufficiency, intoxication), and assessed whether specific gender, age (3–11, 12–19, 20–59, ≥ 60 years), ethnicity/race, or body mass index (BMI) groups were disproportionately impacted. During 2001–2004, a decrease in both serum cotinine and passive smoking prevalence was observed, with a stabilized active smoking rate. The estimates for the association between tobacco smoke exposure and suboptimal VD levels increased over the study period. Overall results indicated that serum cotinine was negatively associated with 25(OH)D in all participants. Tobacco smoke exposure, including both active and passive smoking exposure, was associated with increased risk of VD deficiency. Moreover, active smoking was additionally related to enhanced risk of VD inadequacy. These associations showed some age and gender differences, with consistent and stronger associations observed in female adults. In contrast, effects of tobacco smoke exposure on VD levels were mostly negative or non-significant among children and adolescents aged 3–19 years. The percentage of US general population with active smoking exposure stabilized over the 14-year period and was still high. Tobacco smoke exposure may disrupt vitamin D levels with an increasing temporal trend in the risk. Our results also provided initial evidence of smoking exposure on VD intoxication, which needs to be further verified. Convincing studies have linked tobacco use exposure, to dysfunctional VDES accompanied with declined serum levels of VD metabolites. However, evidence on the association between tobacco smoke exposure and VD status was rather limited and inconsistent, and there were no researches to date that estimated the temporal variation of the association as well as the effects of smoke exposure on VD intoxication. This study analyzed national survey data, to evaluate the temporal trends in effects of tobacco smoke exposure on VD levels over a decade, and to comprehensively assess the impacts of tobacco smoke exposure on VD levels across specific subgroups. The evidence suggests that the prevalence of active smoking exposure stabilized over the 14-year period and was still high. Moreover, tobacco smoke exposure may disrupt vitamin D levels among general population, with an increasing temporal trend and age-, gender-differences in risk. Supplementary Information...

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“…However, such significant associations were not observed in some studies (Ismail et al, 1983; van der Putten et al, 2009). For vitamin D, despite optimal concentrations reportedly being associated with lower odds of dental caries and periodontitis (Jimenez et al, 2014; Akinkugbe et al, 2019), these findings could not be replicated (Gyll et al, 2018; Botelho et al, 2020). The conflicting findings of these observational studies could have resulted from differences in the study populations, reverse causation, and possible confounding factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating vitamin C and D concentrations and risk of dental caries and periodontitis: A Mendelian randomization study

Zhou

2022

J Clinic Periodontology

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Aim This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the causal relationship among circulating vitamin C and D levels, dental caries, and periodontitis. Materials and Methods MR analyses were conducted with the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median, MR‐Egger approaches, and MR‐robust adjusted profile score method to assess the causal relationships between circulating vitamin C and D concentrations and dental caries, the number of remaining natural permanent teeth in the mouth (N teeth), and periodontitis. Results We found potential causal association of circulating vitamin D concentrations with N teeth (β = 0.085; 95% confidence interval: 0.019 to 0.150; p = .012) based on the IVW method. No significant causal relationship between circulating vitamin D levels and dental caries and periodontitis was observed. Similarly, no evidence supported a causal relationship between circulating vitamin C concentrations and the risk of dental caries, N teeth, and periodontitis. Conclusions There is no obvious evidence suggesting a causal relationship among circulating vitamin D, dental caries, and periodontitis, drawing into question the mechanism for any association with N teeth. Additionally, there is insufficient power to detect small effects in vitamin C levels and caries and periodontitis.

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Serum cotinine, vitamin D exposure levels and dental caries experience in U.S. adolescents

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review

Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review

The association between tobacco smoke exposure and vitamin D levels among US general population, 2001–2014: temporal variation and inequalities in population susceptibility

Circulating vitamin C and D concentrations and risk of dental caries and periodontitis: A Mendelian randomization study

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