Serum concentrations of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Michigan PBB Registry 40 years after the PBB contamination incident

Chang, Che-Jung; Terrell, Metrecia L.; Marcus, Michele; Marder, M. Elizabeth; Panuwet, Parinya; Ryan, P. Barry; Pearson, Melanie; Barton, Hillary; Barr, Dana Boyd

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105526

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A longitudinal population-based study using cohorts from European countries consisting of the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Lithuania, Norway, and Greece discovered negative associations between organochlorine pollutant levels in the blood and lowered BMI (56). A study from the United States discovered a slight inverse association between PCB levels in serum and BMI (57). Another European study also discovered similar results, namely higher PCB levels in children with the lowest fat and higher fitness level (58).…”

Section: Crosssectionalmentioning

confidence: 86%

Determinants of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Levels in Human Specimens: A Review

Zahira

Lestari

Aris

2021

JKL

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Introduction: Numerous studies have been conducted regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs) concentrations in human biological matrices such as blood, breast milk, urine, and hair that cause adverse health effects such as breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the POPs presence in human specimens in household settings. Discussion: A total of 28 articles were included in this study with the criteria published in 2016- 2021, original research articles, free full text available, and studied at least one of the confounding variables of POPs levels in human specimens. The narrative method was selected to synthesize this study. Grouping articles with similar results was carried out to respond to research questions. This study discovered that age, dietary habits, BMI, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, physical activities, residency, household dust, and industry emissions were associated with POPs levels in human specimens. Conclusion: This study concluded that each determinant could not affect the POPs levels in the human specimens on its own since those determinants are influenced by each other. Future research using systematic literature review and meta-analysis is therefore strongly advised.

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Section: Crosssectionalmentioning

confidence: 86%

Determinants of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Levels in Human Specimens: A Review

Zahira

Lestari

Aris

2021

JKL

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“…Though it has been nearly 45 years since the accident, people who were exposed through the consumption of contaminated animal products and those exposed in utero and through breastmilk still have circulating levels of PBBs. As recently as 2015, 60% of tested members of the PBB Registry have elevated levels of PBB above the ninety-fifth percentile of the U.S. population 42 . The half-life of PBB is estimated to be between 10 and 29 years 24,43 , which may explain why people are still experiencing health issues related to this accident.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detrimental effects of flame retardant, PBB153, exposure on sperm and future generations

Greeson

Fowler

Estave

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In 1973, the Velsicol Chemical Company, which manufactured FireMaster, a brominated flame retardant, and NutriMaster, a nutritional supplement, mistakenly shipped hundreds of pounds of FireMaster to grain mills around Michigan where it was incorporated into animal feed and then into the food chain across the state. An estimated 6.5 million Michigan residents consumed polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)-laced animal products leading to one of the largest agricultural accidents in U.S. history. To date, there have been no studies investigating the effects of PBB on epigenetic regulation in sperm, which could explain some of the endocrine-related health effects observed among children of PBB-exposed parents. Fusing epidemiological approaches with a novel in vitro model of human spermatogenesis, we demonstrate that exposure to PBB153, the primary component of FireMaster, alters the epigenome in human spermatogenic cells. Using our novel stem cell-based spermatogenesis model, we show that PBB153 exposure decreases DNA methylation at regulatory elements controlling imprinted genes. Furthermore, PBB153 affects DNA methylation by reducing de novo DNA methyltransferase activity at increasing PBB153 concentrations as well as reducing maintenance DNA methyltransferase activity at the lowest tested PBB153 concentration. Additionally, PBB153 exposure alters the expression of genes critical to proper human development. Taken together, these results suggest that PBB153 exposure alters the epigenome by disrupting methyltransferase activity leading to defects in imprint establishment causing altered gene expression, which could contribute to health concerns in the children of men exposed to PBB153. While this chemical is toxic to those directly exposed, the results from this study indicate that the epigenetic repercussions may be detrimental to future generations. Above all, this model may be expanded to model a multitude of environmental exposures to elucidate the effect of various chemicals on germline epigenetics and how paternal exposure may impact the health of future generations. In recent years, a major focus of research has been the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) 1. A component of DOHaD research examines the impact of pre-and post-conception risk factors on long-term health and disease progression in adulthood. In terms of pre-conception risk factors, many researchers report that toxicants and environmental exposures can potentially alter the epigenome in gametes, giving these exposures the potential to ultimately impact the health of the next generation 2-5. In 1973, farms across Michigan mistakenly received cattle feed mixed with FireMaster BP-6, a chemical flame retardant composed of a mixture of polybrominated biphenyl compounds (PBBs), rather than NutriMaster, a food additive that increased milk production in farm animals 6-9. PBB-laced animal products were consumed by millions of residents, and the decline in animal

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“…This may confirm the effect of prenatal exposure, of their passage through the placenta, and with maternal milk. Studies have confirmed that exposure to PBB can occur via different routes, both via the gastrointestinal tract, as well as inhalation and skin absorption ( Figure 6 ) [ 164 ].…”

Section: Flame Retardants (Frs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake of Endocrine Disrupting Substances Presents in Environment and Their Impact on Thyroid Function

et al. 2021

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According to the available data, environmental pollution is a serious problem all over the world. Between 2015 and 2016, pollution was responsible for approximately nine million deaths worldwide. They also include endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interfere with the functioning of the thyroid gland. They are characterized by high persistence in the environment. These substances can enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, as well as contact with the skin and overcome the placental barrier. EDC can be found in food, water, and personal care products. They can get into food from the environment and as a result of their migration to food products and cosmetics from packaging. EDCs can disrupt the functioning of the thyroid gland through a number of mechanisms, including disrupting the activation of thyroid receptors and the expression of genes that are related to the metabolism, synthesis, and transport of thyroid hormones (HT). There is a need to strengthen the food safety policy that aimed at the use of appropriate materials in direct contact with food. At the same time, an important action is to reduce the production of all waste and, when possible, use biodegradable packaging, which may contribute to the improvement of the quality of the entire ecosystem and the health of food, thus reducing the risk of developing thyroid diseases.

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Serum concentrations of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Michigan PBB Registry 40 years after the PBB contamination incident

Cited by 47 publications

References 53 publications

Determinants of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Levels in Human Specimens: A Review

Determinants of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Levels in Human Specimens: A Review

Detrimental effects of flame retardant, PBB153, exposure on sperm and future generations

Dietary Intake of Endocrine Disrupting Substances Presents in Environment and Their Impact on Thyroid Function

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