Serum concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate and other fluorochemicals in an elderly population from Seattle, Washington

Olsen, Geary W.; Church, Timothy R.; Larson, Eric B.; Belle, Gerald van; Lundberg, J. K.; Hansen, Kristen J.; Burris, Jean M.; Mandel, Jeffrey H.; Zobel, Larry R.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.09.025

Cited by 183 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most previous studies used serum or plasma as a biological medium to evaluate the body burden of PFOS and PFOA, and mean ratios of serum to whole blood concentrations were reported to be approximately 2.3 for PFOS and 2.0 for PFOA 16) . The estimated median serum level of PFOS in our study (13.3 ng ml −1 ), using the ratio of 2.3, was similar to those in serum or plasma reported for Germany 17) , Australia and Japan (10.9−18.3 ng ml −1 ) 18,19) , higher than those reported for Italy 20) Korea and Vietnam (5.6−8.4 ng ml −1 ) 21,22) and lower than those in the U.S. 23,24) and Denmark (30.2−35.8 ng ml −1 ) 25) . On the other hand, the estimated median serum level of PFOA (4.2 ng ml ) was similar to those reported for Germany 17) , Denmark 25) , the U.S. 23,24) , Italy 20) , Australia and Japan (3.6−6.8 ng ml −1 ) 18,19) and higher than those in Vietnam and Korea (0.58−1.6 ng ml −1 ) 21,22) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…PFOS levels in blood increased with advancing age in both men and women, whereas PFOA levels increased with age only in women. The age-dependent increase in blood levels of PFOS and PFOA has been reported in earlier studies from Japan 21) , Germany 17) and Italy 20) but not in studies from the U.S. 23,24) . The age-related increase in blood levels of these PFCs may be explained by the long biological half-lives and lower elimination rate after menopause in women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Other studies also showed that the milk/serum ratio of PFOS levels was approximately 0.01 22,29) , suggesting the transfer of PFOS from mother's blood to breast milk to be rather small. Most of the earlier studies 17,20,23,26) , but not others 18,24) , showed significantly lower serum levels of PFOA in women than in men. The reason for the lack of sex difference in PFOA levels observed in our study may be in part because lower blood levels at reproductive ages (16−39 years) were canceled out by the higher blood levels at postmenopausal ages (≥60 years) in women; it has been reported that blood levels of PFOA also decrease during pregnancy 27) and increase after menopause 28) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Yamaguchi

Arisawa

Uemura

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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PFOA, with medians being highest in the Tokai/Hokuriku/ Kinki region. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the concentrations of PFOS in blood were mainly associated with fish consumption and that the levels of PFOS and PFOA were associated with the serum levels of liver enzymes in Japanese populations. Further investigations are required to clarify the reason for the regional differences in blood levels of PFOS and PFOA in Japan. (J Occup Health 2013; 55: 184−194) Key words: Blood, Fish intake, Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), Serum liver enzymes Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are man-made chemical substances containing C-C and C-F bonds. PFCs are extremely resistant to degradation, and accumulate in the environment. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are two of the main PFCs. PFOS and PFOA have both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. PFOS bioaccumulates in animal tissues through the food web 1) , and exposure to PFOA occurs in part through drinking water and beverages 2) . The geometric mean elimination half-lives of PFOS and PFOA from human serum are approximately 4.8 and 3.5 years, respectively 3) . Recently, it has been reported that PFOS and PFOA have toxic effects on wildlife and humans. The toxicity includes neurobehavioral defects 4) , hepatotoxicity 5) , immune toxicity and carcinogenicity 6) . A reduction in human exposure to PFCs has been reported following the phasing-out of perfluorosulfonyl-based compounds and the Environmental Protection Agency's program The purpose of the present study was to examine the factors associated with the blood levels of PFOS and PFOA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 307 men and 301 women (aged 16−76 years) living in 15 prefectures in Japan. Blood levels of PFOS and PFOA were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hepatic enzymes (γ -GTP, GOT, and GPT) and ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA and EPA) levels in serum were also measured. Associations between the levels of PFOS and PFOA in blood and the intake frequency of 41 kinds of dishes, foods and beverages and the serum levels of liver enzymes and ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined using rank correlations. Results: Frequency of intake of boiled fish in broth, sliced raw fish and coastal fish showed significant positive correlations with PFOS concentrations in blood after adjustments for potential confounders. Serum levels of GOT, GPT, DHA and EPA showed significant positive correlations with PFOS and PFOA in blood. There was also a significant regional difference in the blood levels of PFOS and

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Yamaguchi

Arisawa

Uemura

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…Fluorochemicals have ignited widespread interest due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment, including environmental compartments such as air (1)(2)(3), surface waters (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), groundwater (13)(14)(15), biota (16)(17)(18)(19)(20), sediment (21), and nonoccupationally-exposed humans (22)(23)(24)(25)(26). The fluorination of organic compounds imparts unique physical and chemical properties, including exceptional thermal and chemical stability, suited to applications where conventional hydrocarbon substances decompose (27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorochemical Mass Flows in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility

Schultz

Higgins

Huset

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

373

241

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Fluorochemicals have widespread applications and are released into municipal wastewater treatment plants via domestic wastewater. A field study was conducted at a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant to determine the mass flows of selected fluorochemicals. Flow-proportional, 24-h samples of raw influent, primary effluent, trickling filter effluent, secondary effluent, and final effluent and grab samples of primary, thickened, activated, and anaerobically-digested sludge were collected over ten days and analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Significant decreases in the mass flows of perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorodecanoate occurred during trickling filtration and primary clarification, while activated sludge treatment decreased the mass flow of perfluorohexanoate. Mass flows of the 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate were unchanged as a result of wastewater treatment, which indicates that conventional wastewater treatment is not effective for removal of these compounds. A net increase in the mass flows for perfluorooctane and perfluorodecane sulfonates occurred from trickling filtration and activated sludge treatment. Mass flows for perfluoroalkylsulfonamides and perfluorononanoate also increased during activated sludge treatment and are attributed to degradation of precursor molecules.

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“…Due to their environmental persistence, many of these compounds are globally distributed and are routinely measured in various environmental matrices as well as in wildlife and humans Kannan 2001, 2002;Taniyasu et al 2003). One of the most commonly measured PFAAs in environmental and human samples has been perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) Martin et al 2004;Olsen et al 2003Olsen et al , 2004. PFOS has a C 8 perfluorinated chain with a terminal sulfonyl functional group that imparts to it both oleophobic and hydrophobic properties ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Effects of Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (PFBS) on the Mallard and Northern Bobwhite Quail

Newsted

Beach²,

Gallagher³

et al. 2007

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) can be a final degradation product of perfluorobutane sulfonyl fluoride (PBSF)-based chemicals. Surfactants based on this chemistry are potential replacements for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-related products and have many potential applications in industrial and commercial processes and applications. To evaluate the potential hazard that PFBS may pose to avian species, acute dietary studies with juvenile mallards and northern bobwhite quail, as well as a quail dietary chronic study of reproduction were conducted. In the acute studies, 10-day-old mallards and quail were exposed to nominal dietary concentrations of 1,000, 1,780, 3,160, 5,620 or 10,000 mg PFBS/kg feed, wet weight (ww) for 5 days and the birds were then fed an untreated diet and observed for up to 17 days. No treatment-related mortalities were observed in the study up to 10,000 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed. Body weight gains of quail exposed to 5620 or 10,000 mg PFBS/kg feed were statistically less than that of unexposed controls. Weight gain of mallards exposed to 10,000 mg PFBS/kg feed was statistically less than that of controls. There were no statistically significant effects on feed consumption of either species. In the acute studies, no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) for mallards and quail were 5620 and 3160 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed, respectively. In a reproduction study, adult quail were exposed to nominal dietary concentrations of 100, 300, or 900 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed for up to 21 weeks. There were no treatment-related mortalities or effects on body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, histopathology measures, or reproductive parameters evaluated in the study when compared to the control group. Concentrations of PFBS in blood serum, liver, and eggs were dose-dependent but were less than the administered dose, indicating biodiminution. Based on the results from the quail reproduction study, the dietary NOAEC was 900 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed (equivalent to an ADI of 87.8 mg PFBS/kg bw/d).

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Serum concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate and other fluorochemicals in an elderly population from Seattle, Washington

Cited by 183 publications

References 32 publications

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Fluorochemical Mass Flows in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility

Acute and Chronic Effects of Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (PFBS) on the Mallard and Northern Bobwhite Quail

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