Serum concentrations of lipid‐soluble vitamins in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency treated with pancreatic enzymes

Barko, Patrick C.; Williams, David A.

doi:10.1111/jvim.15292

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The plausibility of fat malabsorption being the key driver of lower circulating vitamin D in dogs with GBM is questionable for two reasons. First, in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, a fat maldigestive disease with severe malabsorption, only 5% (1/20) of dogs had low serum 25(OH)D concentrations suggesting that fat malabsorption must be severe before vitamin D deficiency develops in dogs [ 55 ]. Second, dogs that were subclinical for GBM had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than healthy control dogs, yet they had no overt features of fat malabsorption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

et al. 2020

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Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common biliary disorder in dogs. Gallbladder hypokinesia has been proposed to contribute to its formation and progression. The specific cause of gallbladder stasis in dogs with GBM as well as viable treatment options to resolve dysmotility remains unknown. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the many potential causes of gallbladder hypokinesia in humans and repletion results in complete resolution of stasis. Improving our understanding of the relationship between serum vitamin D and GBM could help identify dogs as a model for humans with gallbladder hypokinesia. Furthermore, this relationship could provide insight into the pathogenesis of GBM and support the need for future studies to investigate vitamin D as a novel treatment target. Therefore, goals of this study were i) to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin(OH)D concentrations were decreased in dogs with GBM, ii) if serum 25(OH)D concentrations were different in clinical versus dogs subclinical for GBM, and iii) to determine if serum 25(OH)D concentrations could predict the ultrasonographic type of GBM. Sixty-two dogs (clinical, n = 26; subclinical, n = 36) with GBM and 20 healthy control dogs were included in this prospective observational study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Overall, dogs with GBM had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than control dogs (P = 0.004). Subsequent subgroup analysis indicated that this difference was only significant in the subclinical group compared to the control dogs (P = 0.008), and serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not significantly differ between dogs clinical for GBM versus subclinical or control dogs, indicating that inflammatory state in clinical dogs was not the major constituent of the observed findings. Decreasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations, but not clinical status, was associated with a more advanced developmental stage of GBM type determined by ultrasonography. Our results indicate that vitamin D has a role in dogs with GBM. Additional studies are needed to assess if reduced vitamin D in dogs with GBM is a cause or effect of their biliary disease and to investigate if vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial for dogs with GBM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

et al. 2020

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“…Low vitamin D status has been reported in cats and dogs with gastrointestinal disorders (compared to healthy controls), especially in dogs with a protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) (Mellanby et al 2005b, Gow et al 2011, Lalor et al 2014, as well as dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) (Barko & Williams 2018) acute pancreatitis (Kim et al 2017) and both dogs and cats with liver disease (Schulze et al 2000, Kibler et al 2020.…”

Section: Acquired Vitamin D Disorders -Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vitamin D Metabolism and Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Journal of Small Animal Practice • Vol 62 • November 2021 • © 2021 British Small Animal Veterinary Association 941 Pancreatic and hepatic diseases Dogs with pancreatic and hepatic disorders have also presented with low serum concentrations of 25(OH)D. Dogs with weight loss and EPI were found to have significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than dogs with EPI and stable weight (Barko & Williams 2018). Additionally, concentrations of three fat-soluble vitamins (A, E and D) remained reduced in dogs with EPI even after pancreatic enzyme supplementation (Barko & Williams 2018). The reason for this is uncertain, hypothesised explanations include; long term dietary fat malabsorption which is refractory to pancreatic enzymes supplementation, depletion of stored vitamin D due to the loss of adipose tissue associated with weight loss, or on-going reduced dietary intake secondary to the EPI.…”

Section: Vitamin D Metabolism and Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D metabolism and disorders in dogs and cats

Clarke

Hurst

Mellanby

2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating calcium metabolism and in the development and maintenance of skeletal health of companion animals. There is also a growing interest in understanding the role vitamin D plays in non-skeletal health in both human and veterinary patients. This review provides an update of our current understanding of vitamin D biology in dogs and cats and gives an overview of how vitamin D metabolism can be assessed in companion animals. Congenital and acquired vitamin D disorders are then summarised before the review concludes with a summary of recent studies which have explored the role of vitamin D in the development and outcomes of non-skeletal diseases of dogs and cats.

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“…These findings suggest that exocrine pancreatic injury has a complex pathogenesis involving nutritional, metabolic, and microbiologic factors. Additionally, EPI is the cause of numerous nutritional deficiencies including lipid soluble vitamins and cobalamin in cats and other mammals [ 1 , 16 , 17 ]. Thus, investigations of metabolic, nutritional, and microbial features involved in the pathophysiology of EPI in cats are warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted analysis of the serum metabolome in cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Barko

Williams

2021

PLoS ONE

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Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) causes chronic digestive dysfunction in cats, but its pathogenesis and pathophysiology are poorly understood. Untargeted metabolomics is a promising analytic methodology that can reveal novel metabolic features and biomarkers of clinical disease syndromes. The purpose of this preliminary study was to use untargeted analysis of the serum metabolome to discover novel aspects of the pathobiology of EPI in cats. Serum samples were collected from 5 cats with EPI and 8 healthy controls. The diagnosis of EPI was confirmed by measurement of subnormal serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI). Untargeted quantification of serum metabolite utilized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Cats with EPI had significantly increased serum quantities of long-chain fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, mevalonate pathway intermediates, and endocannabinoids compared with healthy controls. Diacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines, amino acid derivatives, and microbial metabolites were significantly decreased in cats with EPI compared to healthy controls. Diacyclglycerols and amino acid metabolites were positively correlated, and sphingolipids and long-chain fatty acids were negatively correlated with serum fTLI, respectively. These results suggest that EPI in cats is associated with increased lipolysis of peripheral adipose stores, dysfunction of the mevalonate pathway, and altered amino acid metabolism. Differences in microbial metabolites indicate that feline EPI is also associated with enteric microbial dysbiosis. Targeted studies of the metabolome of cats with EPI are warranted to further elucidate the mechanisms of these metabolic derangements and their influence on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of EPI in cats.

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Serum concentrations of lipid‐soluble vitamins in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency treated with pancreatic enzymes

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

Vitamin D metabolism and disorders in dogs and cats

Untargeted analysis of the serum metabolome in cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

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