Serum Concentrations of Leptin and Adiponectin in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Abstract

BackgroundThe concentrations of circulating adipokines in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) have not been investigated in detail.ObjectivesTo determine whether serum concentrations of adipokines differ between healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD and whether circulating concentrations depend on the severity of heart failure resulting from MMVD.AnimalsIn the preliminary study, 30 healthy dogs and 17 client‐owned dogs with MMVD, and in the subsequent study, 30 healthy dogs and 46 client‐owned dogs with MMVD.MethodsProspective case‐controlled observational study. In the preliminary study, serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐18, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were measured. In the subsequent study, MMVD dogs were divided into three groups according to the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) classification, and serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured.ResultsIn the preliminary study, serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations differed significantly between dogs with MMVD and healthy dogs. Serum leptin (P = .0013) concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with MMVD than in healthy dogs, whereas adiponectin (P = .0009) concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with MMVD. However, we observed no significant differences in the other variables. In the subsequent study, dogs classified as ISACHC class 3 had higher serum concentrations of leptin (P = .0022) than healthy dogs but ISACHC class 1 or 2 dogs did not. Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in ISACHC class 1 (P < .0001) dogs than in healthy dogs, whereas adiponectin concentrations in ISACHC class 3 dogs were significantly higher than in ISACHC class 1 dogs (P = .0081).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCirculating concentrations of leptin and adiponectin might be altered in dogs with MMVD.

Cachexia and Sarcopenia in Companion Animals: An Under‐Utilized Natural Animal Model of Human Disease

“…Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), for example, is elevated in both dogs and cats with CHF [38,44]. Two recent studies found increased concentrations of leptin and decreased concentrations of adiponectin in dogs with CHF, but the association between cachexia and adipokines has not been evaluated [45,46]. As in humans with CHF, circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations were shown to be an independent predictor of survival in dogs with CHF [38,47].…”

Effects of a Watermelon Extract Beverage on Canine Lipid Metabolism and Urine Crystals

“…Adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin and resistin, are biologically active substances that are secreted mainly from mature adipose tissue, playing important roles in the regulation of the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism [11,12]. Because leptin primarily works as a fasting hormone thorough the regulation of food intake and energy consumption, plasma leptin levels are quantitative markers of obesity in humans, dogs and rodents [13,14].…”

“…It is known that adiponectin contributes to increased insulin sensitivity, reduced blood glucose and reduced tissue TG levels in the liver and muscle [14]. Resistin promotes inflammation and regulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [11][12][13][14][15]. However, there was only a slight change in adiponectin and no change in resistin over the study period.…”

Myocardial Metabolism

“…Observed dogs were not suffering from obesity, so found leptin changes are connected with heart failure syndrome. In addition, the correlation between leptin level and heart failure severity was found [45].…”