Serum concentrations of legacy and emerging halogenated flame retardants in a Norwegian cohort: Relationship to external exposure

Tay, Joo Hui; Sellström, Ulla; Papadopoulou, Eleni; Sánchez, Juan Antonio; Haug, Line Småstuen

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108731

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The levels of NBFRs and OPEs in human serum vary in different geographic regions worldwide (Table S5). For example, a Norwegian cohort study reported a lower concentration of DBDPE (3.4 ng/g lw) than our study (46 ng/g lw) . Moreover, most NBFRs were not detected in the serum of mothers and children in a Pakistani population, except for BTBPE (mean concentration, 1.2 ng/g lw) .…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

Exposure to Novel Brominated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters and Associations with Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Case–Control Study in Eastern China

Liu

Meng

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Novel brominated flame retardant (NBFR) and organophosphate ester (OPE) exposure may engender adverse effects on human health. However, present epidemiological information regarding the effects of such exposure is limited and controversial. In this case−control study, 481 serum samples were collected from patients with thyroid cancer (n = 242) and healthy controls (n = 239) in Shandong Province, eastern China. The levels of NBFRs and OPEs, thyroid hormones, and serum lipid parameters were measured in all the participants. Pentabromotoluene, 2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6 tribromophenyl ether, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) were widely detected (detection frequency > 60%) in all the participants. A significantly high risk association was found between exposure of NBFRs and OPEs (namely 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromobenzene, DBDPE, tri-n-propyl phosphate, tri[(2R)-1-chloro-2-propyl] phosphate, tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, and tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate) and thyroid cancer in both males and females. In the females of the control group, TCEP levels exhibited a significantly positive association with thyroid-stimulating hormone and a negative association with triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. Weighted quantile sum regression evaluated the mixed effects of the compounds on thyroid hormones levels and thyroid cancer. As a result, TPP accounted for the majority of the T3, thyroxine, and FT3 amounts. Our results suggest that NBFR and OPE exposure contributes to alterations in thyroid function, thereby increasing thyroid cancer risk.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

Exposure to Novel Brominated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters and Associations with Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Case–Control Study in Eastern China

Liu

Meng

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In the exposure scenario of hand contact, hand wipes have often been used as a non-invasive medium of sample collection. 7 Good correlations have been found between hand wipe amounts and internal concentrations (i.e., human blood or urine) for several flame retardants (e.g., PentaBDEs, 8 BDE153, 9 TDCIPP, 10 and TCPP 11 ) and plasticizers (e.g., phthalates 12 ), highlighting that hand contact may be an important source of human exposure. 13 In 2013 and 2014, a sampling campaign including hand wipe collection was applied to a Norwegian cohort of 61 adults to study pathways of exposure to a large group of organic chemicals.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Mixtures of Chlorinated Paraffins Found in Hand Wipes of a Norwegian Cohort

Yuan

Tay

Papadopoulou

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Up to 18000 ng of total chlorinated paraffins (CPs) was found in hand wipes of individual adult participants in a Norwegian cohort study ( n = 60), with a geometric mean (SD) value of 870 (2700) ng. The CPs covered a wide range of alkane chain lengths from C 7 to C 48 with variable chlorine substitution. Complex mixtures of very-short-chain (vSCCPs, C <10 ), short-chain (SCCPs, C 10–13 ), medium-chain (MCCPs, C 14–17 ), and long-chain (LCCPs, C >17 ) CPs were found, contributing on average 0.3%, 20%, 58%, and 22%, respectively, of the total CPs. Significant positive correlations were found between CP levels and factors related to the indoor environment and product use, including living in a house/apartment built before the ban of SCCPs, having a sofa, the number of TVs in the home, and owning a car, which mirrors CP usage as flame retardants and/or plasticizers in consumer products. Compared to previous studies of other organic contaminants in hand wipe samples from the same cohort, CPs were the most abundant flame retardants. This is the first report of CPs in hand wipes, and dermal exposure based on these data suggested that hand contact could be an important human exposure pathway for LCCPs.

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“…In addition, the steady-state condition is assumed using the PK model, which is an inherent uncertainty with the approach. 47 Relative Contribution of Each Exposure Pathway. On a population level, dietary intake was the predominant exposure route to SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in the cohort, contributing a median of 88%, 82%, and 60% of the total daily intakes, respectively (Table S9).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake Contributed the Most to Chlorinated Paraffin Body Burden in a Norwegian Cohort

Yuan

Haug

Tay

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Determining the major human exposure pathways is a prerequisite for the development of effective management strategies for environmental pollutants such as chlorinated paraffins (CPs). As a first step, the internal and external exposure to CPs were quantified for a well-defined human cohort. CPs in participants' plasma and diet samples were analyzed in the present study, and previous results on paired air, dust, and hand wipe samples were used for the total exposure assessment. Both one compartment pharmacokinetic modeling and forensic fingerprinting indicate that dietary intake contributed the most to body burden of CPs in this cohort, contributing a median of 60−88% of the total daily intakes. The contribution from dust ingestion and dermal exposure was greater for the intake of long-chain CPs (LCCPs) than short-chain CPs (SCCPs), while the contribution from inhalation was greater for the intake of SCCPs than medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) and LCCPs. Significantly higher concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs were observed in diets containing butter and eggs, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, other exposure sources were correlated to plasma levels of CPs, including residence construction parameters such as the construction year (p < 0.05). This human exposure to CPs is not a local case. From a global perspective, there are major knowledge gaps in biomonitoring and exposure data for CPs from regions other than China and European countries.

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Serum concentrations of legacy and emerging halogenated flame retardants in a Norwegian cohort: Relationship to external exposure

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Exposure to Novel Brominated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters and Associations with Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Case–Control Study in Eastern China

Exposure to Novel Brominated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters and Associations with Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Case–Control Study in Eastern China

Complex Mixtures of Chlorinated Paraffins Found in Hand Wipes of a Norwegian Cohort

Dietary Intake Contributed the Most to Chlorinated Paraffin Body Burden in a Norwegian Cohort

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