Serum Concentration of Inflammatory Cytokines in Dogs with Suspected Acute Pancreatitis

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process in the pancreas that is common in dogs. This study was designed to compare cytokines between healthy dogs and dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis. For the canine cytokine antibody array, three healthy dogs and three dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis were included. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-α were not detected in either group based on the results. Conversely, IL-8 (p = 0.035), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP)-1 (p = 0.0138), Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) (p = 0.0079), and stem cell factor (SCF) (p = 0.034) were significantly increased in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis. However, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p = 0.6971) did not differ significantly between groups. For the canine serum Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), eight healthy dogs and eight dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis were included. ELISA revealed that IL-8 (p < 0.0001), MCP-1 (p < 0.0001), RAGE (p = 0.006), and SCF (p = 0.0002) were all significantly upregulated in the experimental group. We confirmed multiple patterns of cytokines in suspected acute pancreatitis of dogs via canine cytokine antibody array using a small quantity of serum. After this procedure, we reevaluated the cytokines, which were significantly increased in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis, by ELISA, with more samples. Through this study, we confirmed that MCP-1, RAGE, and SCF were newly suggested factors in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis.

New insights into the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of pancreatitis in dogs: Potential impacts on clinical practice

“…Given the results of these studies targeted inhibition of the proinflammatory properties of NF‐κB could be of therapeutic benefit but requires further study. Other key components of the inflammatory response include tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐1ß, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐18 93,130–134 . Association studies correlating cytokines and chemokines with AP severity have been performed to identify surrogate biomarkers as predictors for severe AP.…”

Serial analysis of blood biomarker concentrations in dogs with pneumonia, septic peritonitis, and pyometra

“…Most CCL2 results decreased below the RI by D7 (Figure 2 ), suggesting that CCL2 might best identify resolution of inflammation. Other studies suggest that CCL2 is useful for assessing dogs with sepsis, 32 , 37 , 40 , 85 and with other causes of severe inflammation including trauma, 85 , 86 immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), 40 , 61 , 85 pancreatitis, 87 cancer, 88 , 89 , 90 and babesiosis. 91 , 92 , 93 The positive correlations observed between pairs of cytokines suggest similar stimuli are responsible for the increased concentrations of these various molecules.…”

Canine Pancreatitis: The Development of the Pancreatic Inflammatory Condition and the Clinical-Therapeutic Approach

“…Pancreatitis can be defined as an inflammatory condition (various patterns of cytokines) (4,5), of an intense and high severity, which affects the pancreatic region and its surroundings. The disease is one of the most common abdominal changes in dogs (2,3).…”