Serum concentration of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa in patients with melanoma

Abstract

According to the high marker level in lung and liver metastases, the marker might be useful in monitoring both patients with disease free ocular melanomas, to detect liver metastasis and high-risk patients after surgical removal of the primary tumour to reveal lung metastases.

Recombinant Human Hexamer-Dominant IgM Monoclonal Antibody to Ganglioside GM3 for Treatment of Melanoma

“…In addition, serum levels of 5-S-CD remained at low levels in rats that received CA19. Several lines of evidence suggested that 5-S-CD can be used as a surrogate marker of tumor burden (29,30) and distant metastasis (31). In facts, serum levels of 5-S-CD decreased after treatment with IFN-a and DTIC (32).…”

Biomarkers for Melanoma Diagnosis and the Technologies Used to Identify Them

“…Of the urinary biomarkers of melanoma already identified (Table 3), 5SCD and 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (6H5MI2C), are intermediate metabolites in melanin pigment formation, and have been the most extensively studied. An increase in urine levels of these markers has been associated with tumor progression and low survival rates (Kärnell et al, 1997;Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Wakamatsu et al, 2002). In healthy patients, the urinary levels of these markers are influenced by age (Meyerhöffer et al, 1998), sex (Morishima and Hanawa, 1981;Kågedal et al, 1992), skin color and season (Ito et al, 1987), but not by pregnancy (Carstam et al, 1985).…”

“…Moreover, the 90-kDa glycoprotein (TA-90) (Rote et al, 1980;Euhus et al, 1989), S100A7 (Brouard et al, 2002) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (Carter et al, 1995) have also been identified in the urine of patients with melanoma (Table 3). Of these urinary biomarkers, 5SCD, 6H5MI2C, and S100A7 can be considered the most melanoma-specific of the urinary biomarkers (Kärnell et al, 1997;Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Brouard et al, 2002;Wakamatsu et al, 2002 An indicator for liver metastasis; a prognostic indicator in metastatic melanoma Deichmann et al, 2000;Findeisen et al, 2009;Zhuang et al, 2010 Glypican-3 (GPC3) Unknown exactly, but may function as a survival or proliferation-associated factor Nakatsura et al, 2004;Ikuta et al, 2005 PKCα A survival or proliferation-associated protein Kang et al, 2009 5SCD A precursor of melanin; Increased in metastatic prognosis Kärnell et al, 1997Kärnell et al, , 2000Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Wakamatsu et al, 2002 6H5MI2C A precursor of melanin; Increased in metastatic prognosis Hara et al, 1994;Kärnell et al, 1997 A superfamily of acute-phase proteins and proinflammatory adipokine Findeisen et al, 2009 Cystatin C A potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases; Increased primary and metastatic melanoma Kos et al, 1997;Ervin and Cox, 2005 Biomarkers References 5SCD Yamada et al, 1992;Kärnell et al, 1997;Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Wakamatsu et al, 20026H5MI2C Yamada et al, 1992Kärnell et al, 1997TA-90 Rote et al, 1980Euhus et al, 1989…”

Development of a mass spectrometry method for the determination of a melanoma biomarker, 5-S-cysteinyldopa, in human plasma using solid phase extraction for sample clean-up

“…It is thus possible to estimate the progression of melanoma by measuring the concentration of 5-SCD in blood or urine [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

“…Since then, levels of 5-SCD were always measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection [7,[21][22][23]. Concerning the extraction of 5-SCD from biological matrix, alumina extraction [9][10][11][12][13] was very often applied prior to HPLC analysis, sometimes coupled with an additional liquid-liquid extraction step.…”