Serum cholinesterase associated with COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality

Nakajima, Kento; Abe, Takeru; Saji, Ryo; Ogawa, Fumihiro; Taniguchi, Hayato; Yamaguchi, Keishi; Sakai, Kazuya; Nakagawa, Takumi; Matsumura, Reo; Oi, Yasufumi; Nishii, Mototsugu; Takeuchi, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.021

“…Moreover, we found in the current study that SChE activity lower than 5,000 UI/L was associated with a poor outcome in multivariate analysis. Our results confirm the results of a recent study performed by Nakajima et al [ 31 ] who found that cholinesterase level on admission was an independent predictor of the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia and mortality. In fact, cholinesterase activity is thought to be affected by acute-phase infections and inflammatory processes [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Sfax, Tunisia

Bahloul¹,

Kharrat

²

,

Chtara

³

et al. 2022

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Background: Africa, like the rest of the world, has been impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, only a few studies covering this subject in Africa have been published. Methods:We conducted a retrospective study of critically ill adult COVID-19 patients-all of whom had a confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Habib Bourguiba University Hospital (Sfax, Tunisia).Results: A total of 96 patients were admitted into our ICU for respiratory distress due to COVID-19 infection. Mean age was 62.4±12.8 years and median age was 64 years. Mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 105±60 and ≤300 in all cases but one. Oxygen support was required for all patients (100%) and invasive mechanical ventilation for 38 (40%). Prone positioning was applied in 37 patients (38.5%). Within the study period, 47 of the 96 patients died (49%).Multivariate analysis showed that the factors associated with poor outcome were the development of acute renal failure (odds ratio [OR], 6.7), the use of mechanical ventilation (OR, 5.8), and serum cholinesterase (SChE) activity lower than 5,000 UI/L (OR, 5.9). Conclusions:In this retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients admitted to the ICU in Sfax, Tunisia, for acute respiratory failure following COVID-19 infection, the mortality rate was high. The development of acute renal failure, the use of mechanical ventilation, and SChE activity lower than 5000 UI/L were associated with a poor outcome.

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“…Studies have found that they are able to modulate the activity of several receptors, including ion channels, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and acetylcholine-degrading enzymes (acetylcholinesterases), thus resulting in the alteration of acetylcholine levels and of cholinergic transmission [22][23][24] . Regarding cholinesterases, a potential association between cholinesterase levels and severity of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients has been proposed 25 .…”

Section: Conotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients

Brogna¹,

Cristoni²,

Petrillo

³

et al. 2021

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 disease and led to the pandemic currently affecting the world has been broadly investigated. Different studies have been performed to understand the infection mechanism, and the involved human genes, transcripts and proteins. In parallel, numerous clinical extra-pulmonary manifestations co-occurring with COVID-19 disease have been reported and evidence of their severity and persistence is increasing. Whether these manifestations are linked to other disorders co-occurring with SARS-CoV-2 infection, is under discussion. In this work, we report the identification of toxin-like peptides in COVID-19 patients by application of the Liquid Chromatography Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization – Cloud Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Methods: Plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients and control individuals were analysed to study peptidomic toxins’ profiles. Protein precipitation preparation procedure was used for plasma, to remove high molecular weight proteins and efficiently solubilize the peptide fraction; in the case of faeces and urine, direct peptide solubilization was employed. Results: Toxin-like peptides, almost identical to toxic components of venoms from animals, like conotoxins, phospholipases, phosphodiesterases, zinc metal proteinases, and bradykinins, were identified in samples from COVID-19 patients, but not in control samples. Conclusions: The presence of toxin-like peptides could potentially be connected to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their presence suggests a possible association between COVID-19 disease and the release in the body of (oligo-)peptides almost identical to toxic components of venoms from animals. Their involvement in a large set of heterogeneous extra-pulmonary COVID-19 clinical manifestations, like neurological ones, cannot be excluded. Although the presence of each individual symptom is not selective of the disease, their combination might be related to COVID-19 by the coexistence of the panel of the here detected toxin-like peptides. The presence of these peptides opens new scenarios on the aetiology of the COVID-19 clinical symptoms observed up to now, including neurological manifestations.

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“…Studies have found that they are able to modulate the activity of several receptors, including ion channels, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and acetylcholine-degrading enzymes (acetylcholinesterases), thus resulting in the alteration of acetylcholine levels and of cholinergic transmission 25 – 27 . Regarding cholinesterases, a potential association between cholinesterase levels and severity of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients has been proposed 28 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients

Brogna¹,

Cristoni²,

Petrillo

³

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 disease and led to the pandemic currently affecting the world has been broadly investigated. Different studies have been performed to understand the infection mechanism, and the involved human genes, transcripts and proteins. In parallel, numerous clinical extra-pulmonary manifestations co-occurring with COVID-19 disease have been reported and evidence of their severity and persistence is increasing. Whether these manifestations are linked to other disorders co-occurring with SARS-CoV-2 infection, is under discussion. In this work, we report the identification of toxin-like peptides in COVID-19 patients by application of the Liquid Chromatography Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization – Cloud Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Methods: Plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients and control individuals were analysed to study peptidomic toxins’ profiles. Protein precipitation preparation procedure was used for plasma, to remove high molecular weight proteins and efficiently solubilize the peptide fraction; in the case of faeces and urine, direct peptide solubilization was employed. Results: Toxin-like peptides, almost identical to toxic components of venoms from animals, like conotoxins, phospholipases, phosphodiesterases, zinc metal proteinases, and bradykinins, were identified in samples from COVID-19 patients, but not in control samples. Conclusions: The presence of toxin-like peptides could potentially be connected to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their presence suggests a possible association between COVID-19 disease and the release in the body of (oligo-)peptides almost identical to toxic components of venoms from animals. Their involvement in a large set of heterogeneous extra-pulmonary COVID-19 clinical manifestations, like neurological ones, cannot be excluded. Although the presence of each individual symptom is not selective of the disease, their combination might be related to COVID-19 by the coexistence of the panel of the here detected toxin-like peptides. The presence of these peptides opens new scenarios on the aetiology of the COVID-19 clinical symptoms observed up to now, including neurological manifestations.

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Serum cholinesterase associated with COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Sfax, Tunisia

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Sfax, Tunisia

Toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients

Toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients

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