Serum cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, and high-density lipoprotein development in newborn infants: Response to formulas supplemented with cholesterol and γ-linolenic acid

Biervliet, J.P. Van; Vinaimont, N; Vercaemst, R.; Rosseneu, Maryvonne

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81243-0

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1991). Van Biervliet et al (1992) reported that addition of cholesterol to formula affected maturation of the HDL particles and postulated that exogenous cholesterol may promote adequate delivery of cholesterol and AA to the developing brain. Others hypothesize that cholesterol is present in human milk merely because it is needed for the secretion of milk fat, and are not in favour of adding cholesterol to infant formulas as an increased LDL: HDL cholesterol ratio is associated with increased atherogenic risk in adults, and as expansion of the LDL pool may result in a decrease of the LCP-rich HDL pool by down-regulation of hepatic LDL receptors (Hayes et al 1992).…”

Section: H O L E S T E R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Composition of Human Milk as a Model for the Design of Infant Formulas: Recent Findings and Possible Applications

Goedhart

Bindels

1994

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Section: H O L E S T E R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Composition of Human Milk as a Model for the Design of Infant Formulas: Recent Findings and Possible Applications

Goedhart

Bindels

1994

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…The fatty acid composition of the diet in¯uences the plasma lipid and apoprotein concentrations during the 1st month of life [31]. In contrast to standard formula milks, breast milk contains long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) which meet infant requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and compositions at birth and after 1 month of life in macrosomic infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers

Merzouk

Madani²,

Prost³

et al. 1999

European Journal of Pediatrics

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The aim of this study was to determine whether macrosomia related to maternal diabetes alters lipoprotein metabolism and whether these abnormalities still persist or regress after 1 month of life. Serum lipoprotein compositions and concentrations as well as serum lipid fatty acid compositions were investigated in macrosomic infants (birth weight = 4840 +/- 105 g at term) of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers at birth and after 1 month of life, and were compared to those of control infants (birth weight = 3400 +/- 198 g at term) of healthy mothers. Compared to controls, at birth, macrosomic newborns had higher serum lipids, apolipoprotein A-I and B-100, and lipoprotein (very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein-2 and high density lipoprotein-3) levels. Higher percentages of C18:2n-6 in serum triacylglycerols, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters were also observed. At day 30, in macrosomics, serum triacylglycerol, apo B-100, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein levels were still significantly higher. C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 contents in serum phospholipids, triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters were reduced while C20:4n-6 and C22:6n-3 contents in serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters were enhanced, compared to control values. Macrosomia was associated with alterations in lipoprotein compositions and concentrations at birth, some of which persisted after 1 month of life, and might play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and atherosclerosis in adult life.

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“…The positive relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and serum lipid levels in the neonatal period is well established in both animal 4-10 and infant [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] studies. The higher HDL cholesterol levels exhibited by the MCF-fed infants (Table 4), compared with HM-and CF-fed infants, might be attributable in part to differences in the form of cholesterol in HM and MCF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual fatty acids can affect cholesterol metabolism, affecting serum lipoprotein concentrations independent of the intake of dietary cholesterol. [12][13][14]41 Because the fatty acid profile and content of HM are modified by maternal diet 15,42,43 and vary throughout the feeding period, the fatty acid composition cannot be mirrored by formulas. No direct inferences with respect to the effects of fatty acids on cholesterol metabolism can be made in this study, and a potential confounding effect of fatty acid composition cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] After weaning, however, the differences in serum cholesterol concentrations moderate, with no consistent differences seen from 1 to 16 years of age. 11,[20][21][22][23][24] In most adult studies, both total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were lower among adults who had been breastfed as infants.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Early Cholesterol Intake on Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Plasma Lipids Among Infants Until 18 Months of Age

et al. 2005

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Background. The endogenous cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) is related inversely to infant dietary cholesterol at 4 months of age; however, it remains to be established whether this effect is permanent, possibly contributing to later hypercholesterolemia. Objective. To determine whether levels of dietary cholesterol in infancy induced changes in FSR and plasma lipid levels that persisted at 18 months. Methods. A prospective clinical trial was conducted with 47 infants, from their first week of life until 18 months of age, who received human milk (HM) until weaned (n = 15) or were randomized to receive modified cow's milk formula (MCF) with added cholesterol (n = 15) or cow's milk formula (CF) (n = 17) for 12 months. Cholesterol contents of HM, MCF, and CF were 120, 80, and 40 mg/L, respectively. FSR and plasma lipid levels were measured at 4 and 18 months. Results. At 4 months, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher for infants fed HM and MCF, compared with CF. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in the MCF group than in the HM and CF groups. FSR in the HM group (0.034 ± 0.005 pools per day) was lower than that in the CF group (0.052 ± 0.005 pools per day). There was no difference between the HM and MCF (0.047 ± 0.005 pools per day) groups or between the MCF and CF groups. At 18 months, there were no differences in FSRs or plasma lipid profiles between the groups. Conclusion. Although cholesterol intake before weaning affects FSRs and plasma lipid profiles at 4 months, these differences do not persist after weaning to an unrestricted diet at 18 months. This provides additional evidence that there is no imprinting of FSR in infancy with differing dietary levels of cholesterol.

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Serum cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, and high-density lipoprotein development in newborn infants: Response to formulas supplemented with cholesterol and γ-linolenic acid

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

The Composition of Human Milk as a Model for the Design of Infant Formulas: Recent Findings and Possible Applications

The Composition of Human Milk as a Model for the Design of Infant Formulas: Recent Findings and Possible Applications

Changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and compositions at birth and after 1 month of life in macrosomic infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers

Effects of Early Cholesterol Intake on Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Plasma Lipids Among Infants Until 18 Months of Age

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