Serum carotenoids, α-tocopherol and mortality risk in a prospective study among Dutch elderly

Waart, FG De; Schouten, E.G.; Stalenhoef, A.F.H.; Kok, F.J.

doi:10.1093/ije/30.1.136

Cited by 77 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Relation of year 7 sum of 4 carotenoids with markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction measured at years 7 and 15. analyses. These associations support the inverse relation of carotenoids with cardiovascular diseases that has been reported by others (1)(2)(3)(4), in that they provide numerous pathways that might mediate the carotenoid and atherosclerotic disease relationship. Consistent with some previous cross-sectional studies that reported an inverse association between carotenoids and markers of systemic inflammation (12-15 ), we observed significant inverse associations between carotenoids and leukocyte counts, CRP, and fibrinogen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationships of Circulating Carotenoid Concentrations with Several Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA) Study

et al. 2007

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Background: Serum carotenoid concentrations relate inversely to cardiovascular disease incidence. To clarify the effect of carotenoids on atherosclerotic risk factors, we examined the association of circulating carotenoids with inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and smoking. Methods: Black and white men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, ages 18 to 30 years at recruitment (1985-1986) from 4 US cities, were investigated over 15 years. We included 2048 to 4580 participants in analyses of the sum of serum ␣-carotene, ␤-carotene, zeaxanthin/lutein, and ␤-cryptoxanthin concentrations and of lycopene at year 0 and at year 7. Results: The year 0 sum of 4 carotenoids was inversely associated (all P <0.05) with year 0 leukocyte count

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationships of Circulating Carotenoid Concentrations with Several Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA) Study

et al. 2007

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“…De Waart et al found the strongest protective associations with mortality for ␤-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin. 21 In contrast, as found in the current study, ␣-and ␤-carotene and ␣-tocopherol were not significantly associated with the outcome.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Of the 3 positive studies, the current study and the ARIC findings 20 used IMT endpoints, whereas the third recorded total mortality. 21 The 3 studies also included women. In contrast, the physicians' study was limited to men and used myocardial infarction as an endpoint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plasma Antioxidants: The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study

Dwyer

Paul-Labrador

Fan

et al. 2004

ATVB

120

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Objective-Recent epidemiologic and animal model data suggest that oxygenated carotenoids are protective against early atherosclerosis. We assessed the association between atherosclerotic progression, measured by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and plasma levels of oxygenated and hydrocarbon carotenoids, tocopherols, retinol, and ascorbic acid. Methods and Results-Participants were from an occupational cohort of 573 middle-aged women and men who were free of symptomatic cardiovascular disease at baseline. Ultrasound examination of the common carotid arteries, lipid level determination, and risk factor assessment were performed at baseline and 18-month follow-up. Plasma levels of antioxidants were determined at baseline only. Change in IMT was related to baseline plasma antioxidant levels in regression models controlling for covariates. In models adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status, 18-month change in IMT was significantly inversely related to the 3 measured oxygenated carotenoids (lutein, ␤-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin; PϽ0.02 for all) and one hydrocarbon carotenoid, ␣-carotene (Pϭ0.003). After adjusting for additional cardiac risk factors and potential confounders, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, these associations remained significant (PϽ0.05). Conclusions-These findings suggest that higher levels of plasma oxygenated carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, ␤-cryptoxanthin) and ␣-carotene may be protective against early atherosclerosis. Key Words: atherosclerosis Ⅲ antioxidants Ⅲ carotid arteries T he oxidative-modification hypothesis proposes that atherogenesis is initiated by oxidative damage to lowdensity lipoproteins (LDL) in the artery wall. The presence of oxidized LDL in the subendothelium of arteries stimulates monocyte recruitment and differentiation to macrophage, resulting in the formation of foam cells and increased thickness of arterial walls. 1 Antioxidants have been hypothesized to inhibit lipid peroxidation and play a protective role against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. 2 In vitro studies suggest that vitamins C and E and carotenoids inhibit the damaging activities of oxidized LDL cholesterol. [3][4][5] Evidence from population studies, including descriptive, case-control, and cohort studies, has shown that dietary, 6 -11 plasma, or serum level of vitamin E, 12-14 ascorbic acid, 15-17 and carotenoids 18 -22 were inversely associated with cardiovascular mortality rate or early atherosclerosis. However, other epidemiological studies have reported no association between cardiovascular events with plasma 23,24 or serum antioxidants, 25-27 and dominantly negative results have been reported from intervention trials of ␤-carotene or vitamin E. 28 -32 We previously reported that dietary supplementation with lutein reduced atherosclerosis in two strains of susceptible mice. 22 We also found that plasma lutein was inversely associated with progression of atherosclerosis, as measured by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), in a cohort of middle-aged women and men. ...

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“…Serum concentrations for b-carotene and vitamin C were much higher in women than in men, as previously found in numerous studies performed in different countries (Hercberg et al, 1994;Curran-Celentano et al, 2001;De Waart et al, 2001;Wallstrom et al, 2001;Olmedilla et al, 2002). This may be related to the better b-carotene and vitamin C nutrient density for these nutrients usually consumed by women than by men and to some life-type factors observed more in men than in women of the cohort such as smoking or drinking alcoholic beverages, which are known to decrease the b-carotene and vitamin C serum levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

Fe²,

et al. 2005

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Objective: To assess relationships between energy, nutrient and food intakes, alcohol consumption, smoking status and body mass index (BMI), and serum concentrations of b-carotene, a-tocopherol, vitamin C, selenium and zinc. Methods: Data on health status, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, anthropometric data and biochemical measurements were obtained in 1821 women aged 35-60 y and 1307 men aged 45-60 y, participant to the SU.VI.MAX Study. Data on dietary intake were available on a subsample who reported six 24-h dietary records during the first 18 months of the study. Results: Women had higher baseline serum b-carotene and vitamin C concentrations and lower concentration for serum vitamin E, zinc and selenium than men. In women, younger age was associated with lowered mean concentration of serum b-carotene, vitamin E and selenium. In men, only differences were observed for serum zinc, which was lower in older men. Current smokers of both sexes had significantly lower concentrations of serum b-carotene, vitamin C and selenium, and, only in women, of vitamin E, than nonsmokers. Alcohol consumers had lower concentrations of serum b-carotene and higher selenium concentrations. Serum b-carotene and vitamin C concentrations were lower in obese subjects. There were positive associations of dietary b-carotene, vitamin C and E with their serum concentrations. Age, nutrient and alcohol intakes, serum cholesterol, BMI and smoking status explained 15.2% of the variance of serum b-carotene in men and 13.9% in women, and 10.8 and 10.0% for serum vitamin C, and 26.3 and 28.6% for serum vitamin E, respectively. Conclusion: Serum antioxidant nutrient concentrations are primarily influenced by sex, age, obesity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and especially dietary intake of those antioxidant nutrients. IntroductionCigarette smoking, obesity and some dietary patterns are well-known risk factors for both cardiovascular disease and cancer (WCRF/AIC; Kromhout, 2001). Yet, in the past several years, an increasing number of basic and clinical studies have pointed to the role of the reactive metabolites of oxygen, the free radicals, in these pathological processes, and the potential protective effect of antioxidant nutrients such as bcarotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and zinc (Ames, Halliwell & Gutteridge, 1989;Diplock, 1991;Byers & Perry, 1992;Frei, 1994;Hercberg et al, 1998a).Epidemiological data from cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective studies have shown a strong relationship between the intake of foods rich in antioxidant vitamins and minerals, or the actual intake of these nutrients, and the risk of cancer and ischaemic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (Block et al, 1992;Stampfer & Rimm, 1993;Byers & Guerrero, 1995;Kohlmeier & Hastings, 1995;Stampfer & Rimm, 1995;Hercberg et al, 1998a). However, most of published randomized placebo-controlled primary prevention trials have not been able to demonstrate these potential beneficial effects (Blot et al, 1993; The AlphaTocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Preventi...

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Serum carotenoids, α-tocopherol and mortality risk in a prospective study among Dutch elderly

Abstract: Our findings suggest that serum levels of individual carotenoids, particularly the oxygenated species are inversely associated with all-cause mortality and should be considered as candidates for further investigations.

Cited by 77 publications

References 24 publications

Relationships of Circulating Carotenoid Concentrations with Several Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA) Study

Relationships of Circulating Carotenoid Concentrations with Several Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA) Study

Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plasma Antioxidants: The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study

Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

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