Serum calcium level in hypertension

Hazari, Mohammed Abdul Hannan; Arifuddin, Mehnaaz Sameera; Muzzakar, Syed; Reddy, V. Devender

doi:10.4103/1947-2714.103316

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have suggested no correlation or a negative correlation between serum calcium and hypertension. For example, the study conducted by Hazari et al concluded that serum calcium had no effect on hypertension 19 . Unfortunately, their variables were not adjusted by age, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, etc., as we have done.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Serum Calcium and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease among Community-dwelling Adults in Taiwan

Chou

Fang

Chen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Serum calcium, although only comprising 1% of total body calcium, is involved in intracellular signal pathways, vascular dilatation/constriction, and muscle contraction, which are crucial for insulin secretion, cholesterol catabolism, and blood pressure regulation. As far as we know, research on the relationship between serum calcium level and metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and hypertension in one longitudinal study is rare. Owing to the crucial role of serum calcium in human cardiometabolic physiology and lack of related study so far, this study aims to describe the relationship between serum calcium level and the incidence of MetS, diabetes, and hypertension. During the period 2010-2016, there are two parts to our study: cross-sectional analysis and longitudinal analysis. Logistic regression was applied for cross-sectional analysis of the association between serum calcium level or albumincorrected calcium (ACCA) and the prevalence of MetS, diabetes, or hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for calculating of optimal cut-off value of serum calcium and ACCA. Cox proportional regression for development of MetS, diabetes, and hypertension according to different cut-off values of serum calcium level and ACCA were conducted. At baseline, there were 27,364 participants in our study. Serum calcium level had positive association with diabetes in the total population, male, and female. ACCA level had positive association with diabetes in the total population, male, and female. In unadjusted and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, serum calcium level was associated with increased risk of incident MetS in the total population and male. ACCA was associated with increased risk of incident MetS in the total population and male. ACCA was associated with increased risk of incident diabetes in the total population and male participants. This study describes the relationship between serum calcium level and the incidence of MetS, diabetes, and hypertension. Higher serum calcium level is associated with increased risk of MetS, diabetes, and hypertension.Metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes mellitus, and hypertension are three major health challenges in industrialized countries worldwide. According to the estimation of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the prevalence of MetS around the world is 25% 1 . The estimated number of people with diabetes in 2030 will be 366 million, and the number of adults with hypertension in 2025 is predicted to be 1. 56 billion 2 . Serum calcium, although only open Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:3192 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60209-wwww.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ comprising 1% of total body calcium, is involved in intracellular signal pathways, vascular dilatation/constriction, and muscle contraction 3 . These functions are crucial for insulin secretion, cholesterol catabolism, and blood pressure regulation, which are important etiologies of MetS, diabetes, and hypertension. Hypertension occu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Serum Calcium and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease among Community-dwelling Adults in Taiwan

Chou

Fang

Chen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A number of mechanistic pathways have been postulated linking increased serum concentrations of calcium with the development of high blood pressure, and these include: (a) serum calcium has been suggested to have a direct effect on blood pressure by its effect on the contractility of the vascular smooth muscle cells which contributes to peripheral vascular resistance; 16 (b) alterations in intracellular calcium which determine the tension in vascular smooth muscle cells and also mediate the secretion of hormones such as catecholamines and angiotensin II, known to be involved in blood pressure control; (c) calcium interacts with other ions such as magnesium, potassium and sodium, which are involved in the regulation of blood pressure; 17 (d) vasoconstriction of the renal vasculature which eventually leads to hypertension; 18 and (e) the effects of abnormal calcium levels on the blood pressure centres in the central nervous system. 11…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have shown higher concentrations of calcium to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, 6,7 whereas some have reported a protective effect, 8,9 and others have reported null associations. 10,11 In addition, these studies have relied on total or albumin-corrected estimates of serum calcium, which only approximate the levels of biologically active serum calcium (iCa).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating active serum calcium reduces the risk of hypertension

Kunutsor

Laukkanen

2016

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Purpose Calcium, which is one the most abundant mineral elements in the body, has been suggested to be involved in blood pressure regulation. We aimed to assess the association of active serum calcium (which is the ionised and physiologically active form of serum calcium) with the future risk of hypertension. Methods The active serum calcium concentration was assessed at baseline in the Finnish Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease population-based prospective cohort study of 1562 normotensive men aged 42–61 years at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for incident hypertension. Results During a median follow-up of 24.9 years, 247 men developed new-onset hypertension. Active serum calcium was inversely associated with incident hypertension in an approximately linear fashion. In age-adjusted analysis, the hazard ratio for hypertension per 1 standard deviation increase in active serum calcium was 0.86 (95% CI 0.76–0.98), which remained consistent after adjustment for several established risk factors and potential confounders 0.82 (0.71–0.94). In a comparison of extreme quintiles of active serum calcium levels, the corresponding adjusted hazard ratios were 0.59 (95% CI 0.39–0.90) and 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.82), respectively. Conclusion Active serum calcium is protective of future hypertension in a middle-aged male Caucasian population. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and help unravel the mechanistic pathways of calcium in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

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“…Extracellular calcium level may influence intracellular calcium level and possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of essential HTN (41). The biological mechanisms underlie serum total calcium and blood pressure maybe attribute to a direct effect on vascular by enhanced vascular resistance (42), interaction between serum calcium and other cations (43), alteration in extracellular binding of calcium (44), renal vasoconstriction causing kidney dysfunction (45), and hyperactivity of renin-angiotensin system from hyperparathyroidism (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition and Serum Total Calcium Were Associated With Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents Aged 7–18 in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pan

et al. 2019

Front. Pediatr.

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Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of childhood pre-hypertension and hypertension (elevated blood pressure, EBP) and explore their risk factors, especially the role of body composition and serum total calcium on EBP.Methods: From Nov 2013 to Jul 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Hainan and Shaanxi Provinces in China. Two thousand two hundred eighty-three children and adolescents aged 7–18 underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Fasting blood was collected and serum total calcium was tested. Blood pressure standards from the updated Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents were used to classify BP groups based on age, sex and stature.Results: The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 8.36 and 7.06%, respectively. Boys, older age, living in Hainan Province, excess adiposity and higher level of serum total calcium were found to be associated with EBP. Lean subjects had an average 3.87 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) than normal weight groups. In contrary, overweight/obesity had increased SBP (3.69 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (2.58 mmHg) than the normal weight group. Participants with high-level serum total calcium had a 1.60 mmHg increased SBP and 1.77 mmHg increased DBP than the low-level group. Compared with normal weight individuals, lean subjects appeared to have decreased odds of EBP (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.98) but overweight/obese individuals were more likely to have EBP (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.68–4.25). High-level of serum total calcium was associated with increased odds of EBP, the OR (95% CI) was 1.51 (1.17–1.94). The restrict cubic spline presented a linear relationship between serum total calcium and OR of EBP (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Body composition and serum total calcium were positively associated with blood pressure in children and adolescents. Serum calcium could be considered as an untraditional risk factors for high blood pressure screening along with other body composition indexes in clinical settings.

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Serum calcium level in hypertension

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Association between Serum Calcium and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease among Community-dwelling Adults in Taiwan

Association between Serum Calcium and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease among Community-dwelling Adults in Taiwan

Circulating active serum calcium reduces the risk of hypertension

Body Composition and Serum Total Calcium Were Associated With Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents Aged 7–18 in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

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