Serum calcium and parathormone during normal pregnancy in Malay women

The Role of Calcium Correction during Normal Pregnancy at Third Trimester in Mosul

“…28,29 The findings from this study on Ca are in agreement with other studies showing that serum measured total Ca decreased continuously during pregnancy , mainly in the third trimester, while corrected Ca, Ca +2 and P levels remained unchanged in spite of increased Ca demand which explained why calcitriol and the rate of intestinal Ca absorption at least doubled during pregnancy. 3,24,[30][31][32][33][34][35]36 In addition, the increased markers of bone resorption and formation during pregnancy compared to pre-pregnancy suggests that the maternal skeleton may contribute some mineral including about 80% of Ca to the fetus specially during the third trimester. 24,37 For this reason, Ca recommendations established for pregnant women should not differ from that for non-pregnant women.…”

“…4 However, other studies have reinforced the importance of vitamin D and Ca supplementation during pregnancy, suggesting that insufficient maternal intake and/or intestinal absorption in addition to increase fetal demand specially during the third trimester. 31,36,38,39,40 A pregnant woman's body requires 25-30 g of Ca to support the developing fetal skeleton which may contribute for this reduction. 39,40 In contrast, other reports showed that maternal serum total Ca does not vary with increased in gestational age.…”

Hypoparathyroidism in pregnancy

“…This happens in patients with a normal calcium store and intake. On the contrary, rise in PTH has been seen with low calcium intake, even in the first trimester 6. Studies have shown that low levels are found in the initial lactation period due to PTH-related protein (PTHrP) and increases at the time of weaning 4…”

Parathyroid Function and Disease during Pregnancy, Lactation, and Fetal/Neonatal Development

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] This apparent suppression of maternal PTH is not seen in pregnant women who have very low calcium intakes, as shown by several studies from Asia and Africa; instead, serum PTH concentrations may even be increased above normal during pregnancy. 15 Serum calcitriol concentrations increase two-to threefold in the first trimester and remain high until parturition; however, free calcitriol levels may not be increased until the third trimester. 1,16 PTH is not driving this production because its levels are normally suppressed, and animal models support the normal several-fold increase in calcitriol that occurs despite absence of PTH.…”