Serum C-reactive protein in adolescence and risk of schizophrenia in adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study

Metcalf, Stephen A.; Jones, Peter B.; Nordström, Tanja; Timonen, Markku; Mäki, Pirjo; Miettunen, Jouko; Jääskeläinen, Erika; Järvelin, Marjo‐Riitta; Štochl, Jan; Murray, Graham K.; Veijola, Juha; Khandaker, Golam M.

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.09.008

Cited by 112 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The results showed a direct, and a linear relation between blood CRP levels in adolescents and later risk for SCZ. Others have shown that higher levels of CRP are associated with earlier age of disease onset (Metcalf et al, ). Still other studies have shown the effects of immune modulation on amyloidosis, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (Philippens et al, ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Through Which Infection and Inflammation May Indumentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome, inflammation, epigenetic alterations, and mental diseases

Alam

Abdolmaleky

Zhou

2017

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

181

126

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Major mental diseases such as autism, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder are debilitating illnesses with complex etiologies. Recent findings show that the onset and development of these illnesses cannot be well described by the one-gene; one-disease approach. Instead, their clinical presentation is thought to result from the regulative interplay of a large number of genes. Even though the involvement of many genes are likely, up regulating and activation or down regulation and silencing of these genes by the environmental factors play a crucial role in contributing to their pathogenesis. Much of this interplay may be moderated by epigenetic changes. Similar to genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA interference can influence gene expression and therefore may cause behavioral and neuronal changes observed in mental disorders. Environmental factors such as diet, gut microbiota, and infections have significant role in these epigenetic modifications. Studies show that bioactive nutrients and gut microbiota can alter either DNA methylation and histone signatures through a variety of mechanisms. Indeed, microbes within the human gut may play a significant role in the regulation of various elements of "gut-brain axis," via their influence on inflammatory cytokines and production of antimicrobial peptides that affect the epigenome through their involvement in generating short chain fatty acids, vitamin synthesis, and nutrient absorption. In addition, they may participate in-gut production of many common neurotransmitters. In this review we will consider the potential interactions of diet, gastrointestinal microbiome, inflammation, and epigenetic alterations in psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Mechanisms Through Which Infection and Inflammation May Indumentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome, inflammation, epigenetic alterations, and mental diseases

Alam

Abdolmaleky

Zhou

2017

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

181

126

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“…Levels of circulating inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with schizophrenia by the age of 27 years [78]. Finally, parental somatic illness in childhood may also increase psychosis risk in the offspring.…”

Section: Somatic Health and Risk For Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric research in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 – a systematic review

Haapea

Björnholm

Huhtaniska

et al. 2019

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 is a large population-based birth cohort, which aims to promote health and wellbeing of the population. In this paper, we systematically review the psychiatric research performed in the cohort until today, i.e. at the age of 32 years of the cohort (2018). We conducted a systematic literature search using the databases of PubMed and Scopus and complemented it with a manual search. We found a total of 94 articles, which were classified as examining ADHD, emotional and behavioural problems, psychosis risk or other studies relating to psychiatric subjects. The articles are mainly based on two large comprehensive follow-up studies of the cohort and several substudies. The studies have often used also nationwide register data. The studies have found several early predictors for the aforementioned psychiatric outcomes, such as problems at pregnancy and birth, family factors in childhood, physical inactivity and substance use in adolescence. There are also novel findings relating to brain imaging and cognition, for instance regarding familial risk of psychosis in relation to resting state functional MRI. The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 has been utilised frequently in psychiatric research and future data collections are likely to lead to new scientifically important findings.Abbreviations: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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“…Individuals with persistent or acutely elevated inflammatory biomarkers, such as C‐reactive protein (CRP), are at increased risk of schizophrenia (Metcalf et al, ; Wium‐Andersen, Orsted, & Nordestgaard, ) and depression (Wium‐Andersen, Orsted, Nielsen, & Nordestgaard, ). Elevated levels of inflammation at baseline have further been suggested to contribute to treatment resistance in depression (Strawbridge et al, ; Uher et al, ); however, it remains unclear whether inflammatory markers are associated with treatment resistance in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C‐reactive protein levels and treatment resistance in schizophrenia—A Danish population‐based cohort study

Horsdal

Wimberley

Benros

et al. 2017

Human Psychopharmacology

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Serum C-reactive protein in adolescence and risk of schizophrenia in adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study

Abstract: HighlightsThis is one of the first longitudinal studies of serum CRP & subsequent schizophrenia.Elevated serum CRP in adolescence is associated with risk of adult schizophrenia.The CRP-schizophrenia association is consistent with a dose-response relationship.

Cited by 112 publications

References 53 publications

Microbiome, inflammation, epigenetic alterations, and mental diseases

Microbiome, inflammation, epigenetic alterations, and mental diseases

Psychiatric research in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 – a systematic review

C‐reactive protein levels and treatment resistance in schizophrenia—A Danish population‐based cohort study

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