Serum C-reactive protein and immune responses in dogs inoculated withBordetella bronchiseptica (phase I cells)

Abstract

Eight Beagle dogs were inoculated intrabronchially with 5 x 10(9) live, avirulent cells of Bordetella bronchiseptica L-414 strain (phase I cells) (B. bronchiseptica) to investigate the serum levels of their C-reactive protein, the white blood cell counts, the antibody responses to B. bronchiseptica in the sera and tracheal secretions, and the effects of prednisolone given to four of the dogs on C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC) and immune responses. In two Beagle dogs inoculated intrabronchially with sterile physiological saline, the concentrations of CRP and the WBC counts did not increase. CRP was markedly increased one day after inoculation in the dogs inoculated with B. bronchiseptica to 385.0-720.0 micrograms/ml (mean 498 +/- 132 micrograms/ml) in the group given the B. bronchiseptica inoculation only, and to 372.0-649.0 micrograms/ml (mean 551 +/- 106 micrograms/ml) in the group treated with prednisolone following inoculation of B. bronchiseptica, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CRP levels were 23-95 times the pre-inoculation values, which indicated that prednisolone had no effect on the production of CRP. In the prednisolone-treated group, the WBC count increased and stayed at an increased level for approximately 12 days. An indirect fluorescent antibody test led to the detection of anti-B. bronchiseptica IgM and IgG antibodies in the sera from 5 days after B. bronchiseptica inoculation and S-IgA and IgG anti-B. bronchiseptica antibodies in the tracheal secretions on the day after the challenge exposure to B. bronchiseptica. The increase in CRP after challenge exposure to B. bronchiseptica was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than that found after the first inoculation of B. bronchiseptica.

Lung inflammatory responses

“…Other acute phase proteins include haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A (SAA). Increased levels of a number of these acute phase proteins have been associated with respiratory diseases of domestic animals [39,66,68,113,143,144]. An excellent review of the application of the acute phase proteins in veterinary clinical chemistry is available [99].…”

Respiratory Disease in Kennelled Dogs: Serological Responses toBordetella bronchisepticaLipopolysaccharide Do Not Correlate with Bacterial Isolation or Clinical Respiratory Symptoms

“…In addition, Kono et al (19) found that in B. bronchiseptica infections of pigs there was no correlation between the clearly developing antibody response and protection from colonization or disease. However, the same study also showed that 21 days may be insufficient for the development of serum antibodies to B. bronchiseptica in pigs, whereas in dogs serum IgG production occurs 5 days postinfection (33).…”

“…In addition, a study with piglets (24) has shown that antibodies to B. bronchiseptica LPS have a limited role in protection, even though they are produced following vaccination. However, IgA titers correlated with the development of resistance to clinical infection (7) and several authors (11,27,33) found that local antibodies were protective against B. bronchiseptica. In fact, both Shade and Goodnow (27) and Ellis et al (11) reported protection against B. bronchiseptica following intranasal vaccination.…”

“…It may therefore be suggested that the role of mucosal immunity to B. bronchiseptica infection is more important than that of a serum response. Indeed, Yamamoto et al (33) found that local antibodies (IgG and IgA) in dogs are produced and confer partial protection at the local site of injection of B. bronchiseptica, and therefore local antibodies may play an important role in natural infection. However, serum IgG is used to determine the efficacy of B. bronchiseptica vaccination in dogs (11,12) and has also been shown to increase following natural and experimental infection of dogs (28), and this serum response should be further defined.…”

Acute Phase Proteins as Markers of Infectious Diseases in small Animals / Proteini Akutne Faze Kao Markeri Infektivnih Bolesti Malih Životinja

“…The serum concentration of CRP was not affected in the experimentally inoculated group treated with prednisolone [24]. SAA values were signifi cantly increased one day after Bordetella bronchiseptica inoculation in dogs [25].…”