Serum but not exhaled breath condensate periostin level is increased in competitive athletes

Kurowski, Marcin; Jurczyk, Janusz; Jarzębska, Marzanna; Wardzyńska, Aleksandra; Krysztofiak, Hubert; Kowalski, Marek L.

doi:10.1111/crj.12759

“…In concordance with our results, recent studies showed that serum periostin measurement may be inadequate in differentiating asthmatic and healthy subjects (14,16,25). Serum periostin levels were reported to be higher even in professional athletes compared to asthmatic patients (26).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Stable and exacerbation period serum cytokine and periostin levels of the five distinct phenotypes of severe asthma

Türk¹,

Yılmaz²,

et al. 2021

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Background and aim: The differences in molecular mechanisms during stable period and the changes in the inflammatory responses during exacerbations between distinct severe asthma phenotypes remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize stable and exacerbation period serum cytokine and periostin levels of 5 different pre-defined severe asthma phenotypes with real-life data. Changes in the viral infection-induced exacerbations were also analyzed.Materials and methods: Serum levels of 8 cytokines and periostin were measured from the sera obtained from the adult patients with five different severe asthma phenotypes based on the presence/absence of aeroallergen sensitivity, peripheral eosinophilia and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) during stable and exacerbation periods, and from the matched controls.Results: Serum IL-13, IL-25, TSLP and periostin levels were similar between the patient and the control groups during stable and exacerbation periods. Serum IL-25 and TSLP levels, and peripheral eosinophil count and periostin level showed a strong correlation. Stable period periostin levels were significantly higher in eosinophilic patients and eosinophilic patients without long-term systemic steroid therapy had higher IL-13 levels. Compared to stable period, exacerbation period serum periostin levels found significantly lower [5853 (2309-8427) pg/mL vs. 4479 (2766-6495) pg/mL; p=0.05] and periostin levels were much more lower in viral infection-induced exacerbations [2913 (893-4770) pg/mL vs. 7094 (4782-9596) pg/mL; p=0.022].2 Conclusion: Our study showed that serum periostin levels were decreased in viral infectioninduced exacerbations and increased in the presence of eosinophilia independent from atopy and it can help to differentiate eosinophilia even if the patient is under long-term systemic steroid therapy. Also, serum IL-13 levels may reflect peripheral eosinophilia in patients without long term systemic steroid use.

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“…In parallel , a Portuguese study in kayakers revealed lower plasma IL-1β, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-1ra levels off-training season as compared to training season, which speaks in favor of beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of regular albeit intensive exercise (17). In a small study, significantly higher resting serum levels of periostin in elite swimmers compared to asthmatics or healthy subjects were described (13).…”

Section: Exercise and Systemic Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Physical exercise, immune response and susceptibility to infections -- current knowledge and growing research areas

Kurowski

¹

,

Seys

²

,

Bonini

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research in the area of exercise-associated modifications of infection susceptibility. Regular moderate-intensity exercise is believed to have beneficial effects on immune health through lowering inflammation intensity and reducing susceptibility to respiratory infections. Infection-promoting consequences are attributed to strenuous exercise as performed by professional athletes. In about half of the athletes presenting respiratory symptoms, no causative pathogen can be identified. Acute bouts of exercise enhance release of proinflammatory mediators thus probably leading to appearance of infection-like respiratory symptoms. Studies assessing influence of regularly repeated exercise on immune response and systemic inflammation are far less numerous than those regarding acute exercise effects. This identifies another knowledge gap requiring further assessment both in recreational and in professional athletes Additionally, ambient and environmental conditions modify systemic inflammatory response and infection susceptibility in particular in outdoor athletes. Both acute and chronic regular exercise influence humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms resulting in decreased specific and non-specific response in competitive athletes. Most promising areas of further research in exercise immunology include: detailed immunological characterization of infection-prone and infection-resistant athletes; efficacy of nutritional and pharmaceutical interventions as countermeasures to infections’ symptoms; and influence of various exercise loads on susceptibility to infections with respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Establishing uniform definition of “elite athlete’ shall hopefully allow for comparable and straightforward interpretation of data coming from different studies and settings.

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“…A single bout of intensive exercise training is associated with the increased synthesis and release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, with increased serum levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL‐10 and IL‐1ra) being observed as a secondary phenomenon 2,12,15–17 . Serum levels of periostin, a hallmark of type 2 inflammation, were not increased within 1 h after acute exercise 18 . In a study assessing serum cytokine responses to treadmill running exercise, resting levels of anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines (IL‐1ra, IL‐10) were higher in URTI symptom‐free subjects 12 .…”

Section: Infection‐like Syndromes In Athletes—when No Pathogen Can Be...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Apart from investigations at the systemic level, the potential influence of exercise on inflammation in the upper and lower airways has been studied using non‐ or semi‐invasive airway samplings such as nasal lavage fluid (NLF) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) 18,30–37 . However, the data acquired so far are inconclusive, partly due to considerable differences in sampling methodology.…”

Section: Infection‐like Syndromes In Athletes—when No Pathogen Can Be...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise, immune response, and susceptibility to infections—current knowledge and growing research areas

Kurowski

¹

,

Seys

²

,

Bonini

³

et al. 2022

Allergy

Self Cite

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This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research in the area of exercise-associated modifications of infection susceptibility. Regular moderate-intensity exercise is believed to have beneficial effects on immune health through lowering inflammation intensity and reducing susceptibility to respiratory infections. However, strenuous exercise, as performed by professional athletes, may promote infection: in about half of athletes presenting respiratory symptoms, no causative pathogen can be identified. Acute bouts of exercise enhance the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which may induce infection-like respiratory symptoms. Relatively few studies have assessed the influence of regularly repeated exercise on the immune response and systemic inflammation compared to the effects of acute exercise. Additionally, ambient and environmental conditions may modify the systemic inflammatory response and infection susceptibility, particularly in outdoor athletes. Both acute and chronic regular exercise influence humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms, resulting in decreased specific and non-specific response in competitive athletes. The most promising areas of further research in

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Serum but not exhaled breath condensate periostin level is increased in competitive athletes

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Stable and exacerbation period serum cytokine and periostin levels of the five distinct phenotypes of severe asthma

Stable and exacerbation period serum cytokine and periostin levels of the five distinct phenotypes of severe asthma

Physical exercise, immune response and susceptibility to infections -- current knowledge and growing research areas

Physical exercise, immune response, and susceptibility to infections—current knowledge and growing research areas

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