Serum Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolites Increase in Males When Aerobic Exercise Is Initiated with Low Muscle Glycogen

Margolis, Lee M.; Karl, J Philip; Wilson, Marques A.; Coleman, Julie L.; Whitney, Claire; Pasiakos, Stefan M.

doi:10.3390/metabo11120828

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Both long‐chain and dicarboxylate fatty acid metabolites are important for energy generation through β‐oxidation and ω‐oxidation, respectively (Miura, 2013; Nakamura et al, 2014). Reductions in these metabolites are contrary to previous studies from our laboratory (Karl et al, 2017; Margolis et al, 2021) and others (Nieman et al, 2013; Stander et al, 2018), which reported increases in long‐chain and dicarboxylate fatty acid metabolites following acute aerobic exercise (4 h) or sustained military training (3 days). It is possible that declines in these metabolites may be the result of reductions in the relative dietary fat intake that were observed using an FFQ.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…More likely, changes in fat metabolites are related to the ~2 kg decrease in FM during IMT, with discrepancies between the past and current studies due to the state in which serum samples were collected and the study duration. In previous studies, increases in metabolites were reflective of a post aerobic exercise state (Karl et al, 2017; Margolis et al, 2021; Nieman et al, 2013; Stander et al, 2018), wherein increased concentrations of serum long‐chain and dicarboxylate fatty acid metabolites are likely reflective of increases in lipolysis to augment substrate availability for oxidation in skeletal muscle (Karl et al, 2017; Margolis et al, 2021). In the current study, serum was collected under resting fasted conditions and likely reflected longer‐term adaptation including reductions in total body FM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…• pentadecanoate (15:0) Margolis et al, 2021) and others (Nieman et al, 2013;Stander et al, 2018), which reported increases in longchain and dicarboxylate fatty acid metabolites following acute aerobic exercise (4 h) or sustained military training (3 days). It is possible that declines in these metabolites may be the result of reductions in the relative dietary fat intake that were observed using an FFQ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial military training modulates serum fatty acid and amino acid metabolites

Gwin

Hatch-McChesney

Pitts

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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Initial military training (IMT) results in increased fat‐free mass (FFM) and decreased fat mass (FM). The underlying metabolic adaptations facilitating changes in body composition during IMT are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess changes in body composition and the serum metabolome during 22‐week US Army IMT. Fifty‐four volunteers (mean ± SD; 22 ± 3 year; 24.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2) completed this longitudinal study. Body composition measurements (InBody 770) and blood samples were collected under fasting, rested conditions PRE and POST IMT. Global metabolite profiling was performed to identify metabolites involved in energy, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism (Metabolon, Inc.). There was no change in body mass (POST‐PRE; 0.4 ± 5.1 kg, p = 0.59), while FM decreased (−1.7 ± 3.5 kg, p < 0.01), and FFM increased (2.1 ± 2.8 kg, p < 0.01) POST compared to PRE IMT. Of 677 identified metabolites, 340 differed at POST compared to PRE (p < 0.05, Q < 0.10). The majority of these metabolites were related to fatty acid (73%) and amino acid (26%) metabolism. Increases were detected in 41% of branched‐chain amino acid metabolites, 53% of histidine metabolites, and 35% of urea cycle metabolites. Decreases were detected in 93% of long‐chain fatty acid metabolites, while 58% of primary bile acid metabolites increased. Increases in amino acid metabolites suggest higher rates of protein turnover, while changes in fatty acid metabolites indicate increased fat oxidation, which likely contribute changes in body composition during IMT. Overall, changes in metabolomics profiles provide insight into metabolic adaptions underlying changes in body composition during IMT.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial military training modulates serum fatty acid and amino acid metabolites

Gwin

Hatch-McChesney

Pitts

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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“…Another interesting phenomenon in our study was that the differences in sports level and serum metabolome also have gender characteristics. In some studies on sports ability and differential metabolites, the participants involved were generally one gender ( Kim et al, 2013 ; San-Millán et al, 2020 ; Margolis et al, 2021 ) or a total of men and women ( Gervasi et al, 2020 ); however, few studies focused on gender characteristics. There was a study on the changes in fat-free mass and plasma amino acids of male and female recruits after military training ( Margolis et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Metabolomics Analysis Identifies Differential Serum Metabolites in Elite and Sub-elite Swimmers

Cai

Wu²,

Jing

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Objective: Metabolites in body fluids, such as lactate, glucose, and creatinine, have been measured by conventional methods to evaluate physical function and performance or athletic status. The objectives of the current study were to explore the novel metabolite biomarkers in professional swimmers with different competition levels using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, and try to establish a model to identify the athletic status or predict the competitive potential.Methods: Serum samples were collected from 103 elite and 84 sub-elite level Chinese professional swimmers, and were profiled by NMR analysis.Results: Out of the thirty-six serum metabolites profiled, ten were associated with the athletic status of swimmers (with p < 0.05). When compared with sub-elite swimmers, elite swimmers had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), unsaturated fatty acid, lactic acid, and methanol. Elite swimmers had lower levels of isoleucine, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetate, glutamine, glycine, and α-glucose. A model with four metabolites, including HDL, glutamine, methanol, and α-glucose, was established to predict athletic status by adjusting with different covariates. The area under the curve (AUC) of the best model was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.862-0.947), with a sensitivity and specificity of 75.5 and 90.2%, respectively.Conclusion: We have identified ten metabolite biomarkers with differentially expressed levels between elite and sub-elite swimmers, the differences could result from genetic or sports level between the two cohorts. A model with four metabolites has successfully differentiated professional swimmers with different competitive levels.

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“…He uses an integrative, translation approach, assessing whole-body metabolism and skeletal muscle molecular responses to exercise, nutritional manipulation and exposure to environmental extremes. , produces negative protein balance (Margolis et al, 2016;Margolis, Murphy et al, 2014;Pasiakos et al, 2013) and alters substrate metabolism (Karl et al, 2017;Margolis et al, 2019;Margolis, Karl et al, 2021;. The underlying mechanisms mediating these effects of low energy and glycogen availability remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating and skeletal muscle microRNA profiles are more sensitive to sustained aerobic exercise than energy balance in males

Margolis

Hatch-McChesney

Allen

et al. 2022

The Journal of Physiology

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate molecular processes governing muscle metabolism. Physical activity and energy balance influence both muscle anabolism and substrate metabolism, but whether circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs mediate those effects remains unknown. This study assessed the impact of sustained physical activity with participants in energy balance (BAL) or deficit (DEF) on circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs. Using a randomized cross‐over design, 10 recreational active healthy males (mean ± SD, 22 ± 5 years, 87 ± 11 kg) completed 72 h of high aerobic exercise‐induced energy expenditures in BAL (689 ± 852 kcal/day) or DEF (−2047 ± 920 kcal/day). Blood and muscle samples were collected under rested/fasted conditions before (PRE) and immediately after 120 min load carriage exercise bout at the end (POST) of the 72 h. Trials were separated by 7 days. Circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs were measured using microarray RT‐qPCR. Independent of energy status, 36 circulating miRNAs decreased (P < 0.05), while 10 miRNAs increased and three miRNAs decreased in skeletal muscle (P < 0.05) at POST compared to PRE. Of these, miR‐122‐5p, miR‐221‐3p, miR‐222‐3p and miR‐24‐3p decreased in circulation and increased in skeletal muscle. Two circulating (miR‐145‐5p and miR‐193a‐5p) and four skeletal muscle (miR‐21‐5p, miR‐372‐3p, miR‐34a‐5p and miR‐9‐5p) miRNAs had time‐by‐treatment effects (P < 0.05). These data suggest that changes in miRNA profiles are more sensitive to increased physical activity compared to energy status, and that changes in circulating miRNAs in response to high levels of daily aerobic exercise are not reflective of changes in skeletal muscle miRNAs. Key points Circulating and skeletal muscle miRNA profiles are more sensitive to high levels of aerobic exercise‐induced energy expenditure compared to energy status. Changes in circulating miRNA in response to high levels of daily sustained aerobic exercise are not reflective of changes in skeletal muscle miRNA.

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Serum Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolites Increase in Males When Aerobic Exercise Is Initiated with Low Muscle Glycogen

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Initial military training modulates serum fatty acid and amino acid metabolites

Initial military training modulates serum fatty acid and amino acid metabolites

Blood Metabolomics Analysis Identifies Differential Serum Metabolites in Elite and Sub-elite Swimmers

Circulating and skeletal muscle microRNA profiles are more sensitive to sustained aerobic exercise than energy balance in males

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