Serum Beta-Carotene, Vitamins a and E, Selenium, and the Risk of Lung Cancer

Menkes, Marilyn S.; Comstock, George W.; Vuilleumier, Jean P.; Helsing, Knud J.; Rider, Agatha A.; Brookmeyer, Ronald

doi:10.1056/nejm198611133152003

Cited by 487 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…In total, 18 publications (17 cohort studies) were included in the analyses 4, 13, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 (Table 1). Fourteen studies (3143 cases) reported on β ‐carotene 4, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, seven studies on α ‐carotene (1205 cases) 4, 13, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26 and β ‐cryptoxanthin (1205 cases) 4, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, six studies on lycopene (1097 cases) 4, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, lutein and zeaxanthin (927 cases) 4, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, and five studies on total carotenoids (724 cases) 4, 23, 24, 26, 29. Twelve studies (3192 cases) were on retinol 4, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen studies (3143 cases) reported on β ‐carotene 4, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, seven studies on α ‐carotene (1205 cases) 4, 13, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26 and β ‐cryptoxanthin (1205 cases) 4, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, six studies on lycopene (1097 cases) 4, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, lutein and zeaxanthin (927 cases) 4, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, and five studies on total carotenoids (724 cases) 4, 23, 24, 26, 29. Twelve studies (3192 cases) were on retinol 4, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37. Nine publications were among men only 13, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35 and nine publications were in both men and women 4, 17, 23, 24, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twelve studies (3192 cases) were on retinol 4, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37. Nine publications were among men only 13, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35 and nine publications were in both men and women 4, 17, 23, 24, 25, 32, 34, 36, 37. Eight studies were from United States, four studies from Europe, four studies from Asia, and one study from Australia (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood concentrations of carotenoids and retinol and lung cancer risk: an update of the WCRF–AICR systematic review of published prospective studies

et al. 2016

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Carotenoids and retinol are considered biomarkers of fruits and vegetables intake, and are of much interest because of their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, there is inconsistent evidence regarding their protective effects against lung cancer. We conducted a meta‐analysis of prospective studies of blood concentrations of carotenoids and retinol, and lung cancer risk. We identified relevant prospective studies published up to December 2014 by searching the PubMed and several other databases. We calculated summary estimates of lung cancer risk for the highest compared with lowest carotenoid and retinol concentrations and dose–response meta‐analyses using random effects models. We used fractional polynomial models to assess potential nonlinear relationships. Seventeen prospective studies (18 publications) including 3603 cases and 458,434 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. Blood concentrations of α‐carotene, β‐carotene, total carotenoids, and retinol were significantly inversely associated with lung cancer risk or mortality. The summary relative risk were 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.80) per 5 μg/100 mL of α‐carotene (studies [n] = 5), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76–0.94) per 20 μg/100 mL of β‐carotene (n = 9), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.54–0.81) per 100 μg/100 mL of total carotenoids (n = 4), and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73–0.90) per 70 μg/100 mL of retinol (n = 8). In stratified analysis by sex, the significant inverse associations for β‐carotene and retinol were observed only in men and not in women. Nonlinear associations were observed for β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, and lycopene, with stronger associations observed at lower concentrations. There were not enough data to conduct stratified analyses by smoking. In conclusion, higher blood concentrations of several carotenoids and retinol are associated with reduced lung cancer risk. Further studies in never and former smokers are needed to rule out confounding by smoking.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood concentrations of carotenoids and retinol and lung cancer risk: an update of the WCRF–AICR systematic review of published prospective studies

et al. 2016

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“…Studies in animals have shown that vitamin E can prevent the growth of tumors induced in animals by chemical carcinogens (15)(16)(17). The potential of vitamin E as a cancer preventive agent has been studied and individuals whose intakes of vitamin E were above average showed a low risk of lung cancer (18). Vitamin E acts as a radical scavenger which inhibits peroxidation (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Vitamin E Novel Analogues as Anti-Cancer Compounds

Hosseini

Jalili

2016

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Antioxidant compounds have been shown to slow down the development of chemically induced tumors. It has been estimated that most of human cancer cases are due to environmental factors and would be preventable if the main risks could be identified. The potential of vitamin E as a cancer preventive agent has been studied and individuals whose intake of vitamin E was above average showed a low risk of lung cancer. Vitamin E is a mixture of four lipid soluble phenols including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol. Objectives: In our study, to investigate the antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol-derived radicals in comparison with other phenoxyl radicals, a number of substituted phenols were synthesized, most of which contained t-butyl groups in the 2-and 6-positions. Materials and Methods: All the synthesized compounds were recrystallized and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were run on Bruker GRYOSPES WM 360 machine; the IR spectra were also run on a Perkin Elmer 1430 ratio recording infrared spectrophotometer. Microanalyses were carried out on a Perkin Elmer 4000 CHN analyzer; all the melting points were measured by an electrothermal melting point apparatus, which were uncorrected. Results: Five synthesized vitamin E analogues, including

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“…Low serum levels of vitamin E have been associated with increased risk of breast cancer (Wald et al, 1984), lung cancer (Menkes et al, 1986) and gastrointestinal cancer (Gey et al, 1987), but there have also been reports showing no significant association (Heinonen et al, 1987;Nomura et al, 1985;Russell et al, 1988) or even a direct association for breast cancer (Gerber et al, 1988). To our knowledge only one other study has measured vitamin E levels in women with CIN.…”

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confidence: 95%

Vitamin A, vitamin E and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Cuzick

Stavola²,

Russell³

et al. 1990

Br J Cancer

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Epidemiological studies have suggested that deficiencies in the consumption of preformed vitamin A or its precursor P-carotene may increase the risk of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (Romney et al., 1981;Marshall et al., 1983;La Vecchia et al., 1984). More recent studies of blood samples have failed to show a relationship between low serum levels of vitamins A and cervical cancer but an association has been found for P-carotene especially in women with pre-invasive disease (Harris et al., 1986;Heinonen et al., 1987;Brock et al., 1988;Palan et al., 1988). Vitamin E has been little studied in relation to cervix cancer. An inverse relation has been reported in one study (Knekt, 1988) but not another (Heinonen et al., 1987).We have examined serum levels of vitamin A and vitamin E in young women aged Sera were analysed blindly for vitamin A and vitamin E according to the procedure of Russell et al. (1986). Antioxidant (BHT) was added prior to extraction to ensure that both vitamins A and E were stable after prolonged storage (Russell et al., 1986). A trend in levels across the three groups was examined by the Wilcoxon test for trend (Cuzick, 1985). Odds ratios for the risk of CIN I and CIN III were

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Serum Beta-Carotene, Vitamins a and E, Selenium, and the Risk of Lung Cancer

Cited by 487 publications

References 22 publications

Blood concentrations of carotenoids and retinol and lung cancer risk: an update of the WCRF–AICR systematic review of published prospective studies

Blood concentrations of carotenoids and retinol and lung cancer risk: an update of the WCRF–AICR systematic review of published prospective studies

Synthesis of Vitamin E Novel Analogues as Anti-Cancer Compounds

Vitamin A, vitamin E and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

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