Serum antibody responses to equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D in horses, pregnant mares and young foals

Foote, C.E.; Love, Daria N.; Gilkerson, James R.; Rota, Jennifer S.; Trevor-Jones, P.; Ruitenberg, K. M.; Wellington, J. E.; Whalley, J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.12.012

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In our study, we measured only serum IgA but there is no reason to believe that secretory IgA levels would not correlate with serum levels in horses. Studies carried out by others have validated measurement of serum IgA as a parameter to evaluate immunity of horses (Foote et al, 2005;Tallmadge et al, 2009). Moreover, in a recent study involving horses with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the authors noticed a decline in serum IgA concentrations that correlated with worsening of the clinical symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lower serum IgA levels in horses kept under intensive sanitary management and physical training

Souza

Miotto

Bonin

et al. 2010

Animal

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Quantity and variety of environmental antigens, age, diet, vaccine protocols, exercising practice and mucosal cytokine microenvironment are factors that influence serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. IgA, IgG, IgG(T) and IgM were quantified in 60 horses, which were classified into two groups, 'intensive' or 'relaxed', according to sanitary standards of the facilities and physical exercise to which animals were subjected to. The 'intensive' group presented lower means for all isotypes, but only IgA presented a significant (P , 0.0064) difference when compared to the 'relaxed' group. This suggests that mucosal immunity found in the 'intensive' group is lower when compared to the 'relaxed' group. Our data suggest that athlete horses may be less poised to mount an effective mucosal immunity response to environmental challenges and should not be considered by the same perspectives as a free-ranging horse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lower serum IgA levels in horses kept under intensive sanitary management and physical training

Souza

Miotto

Bonin

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…VC2-EHV-1-gD stimulated strong virus-neutralizing (VN) activity in comparison to that seen in both unvaccinated and VC2-vaccinated animals, and this VN activity was similar to that generated by the commercial EHV-1 killed virus vaccine. It has been reported that intranasal or intramuscular immunization with EHV-1 gD produces antigen-specific IgG responses (3,4,8,10,11,(22)(23)(24)(25). In addition, the presence of VN antibody prior to EHV-1 infection was shown to be associated with a reduction in the amount and duration of nasopharyngeal virus shedding (26,27).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, these proteins are major antigenic determinants for both humoral and cellular immune responses and have been utilized as subunit vaccines (2)(3)(4). Specifically, immunization with EHV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) has been shown to generate protective immune responses in mice and horses (3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). EHV-1 and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins D are required for entry into cells and cell-to-cell fusion, a function which is conserved in most but not all alphaherpesviruses (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular Immunization of Mice with the Live-Attenuated Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Vaccine Strain VC2 Expressing Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) Glycoprotein D Generates Anti-EHV-1 Immune Responses in Mice

Liu

Stanfield

Chouljenko

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Vaccination remains the best option to combat equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection, and several different strategies of vaccination have been investigated and developed over the past few decades. Herein, we report that the liveattenuated herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) VC2 vaccine strain, which has been shown to be unable to enter into neurons and establish latency in mice, can be utilized as a vector for the heterologous expression of EHV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) and that the intramuscular immunization of mice results in strong antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses. The VC2-EHV-1-gD recombinant virus was constructed by inserting an EHV-1 gD expression cassette under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter into the VC2 vector in place of the HSV-1 thymidine kinase (UL23) gene. The vaccines were introduced into mice through intramuscular injection. Vaccination with both the VC2-EHV-1-gD vaccine and the commercially available vaccine Vetera EHV XP 1/4 (Vetera; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) resulted in the production of neutralizing antibodies, the levels of which were significantly higher in comparison to those in VC2-and mock-vaccinated animals (P Ͻ 0.01 or P Ͻ 0.001). Analysis of EHV-1-reactive IgG subtypes demonstrated that vaccination with the VC2-EHV-1-gD vaccine stimulated robust IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies after three vaccinations (P Ͻ 0.001). Interestingly, Vetera-vaccinated mice produced significantly higher levels of IgM than mice in the other groups before and after challenge (P Ͻ 0.01 or P Ͻ 0.05). Vaccination with VC2-EHV-1-gD stimulated strong cellular immune responses, characterized by the upregulation of both interferonand tumor necrosis factor-positive CD4 ϩ T cells and CD8 ϩ T cells. Overall, the data suggest that the HSV-1 VC2 vaccine strain may be used as a viral vector for the vaccination of horses as well as, potentially, for the vaccination of other economically important animals.IMPORTANCE A novel virus-vectored VC2-EHV-1-gD vaccine was constructed using the live-attenuated HSV-1 VC2 vaccine strain. This vaccine stimulated strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, suggesting that it could protect horses against EHV-1 infection.KEYWORDS EHV-1, HSV-1, equine herpesvirus, live vector vaccines, glycoprotein D, immune response, mouse model

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“…EHV-1 gD was shown to possess a neutralising epitope [132]. Vaccinated ponies developed a mixed virus-specific antibody response with neutralising activity and composed of IgGa, IgGb, IgG(T) and IgA antibodies [131,133]. Interestingly, this antibody response was similar to the response induced by vaccination with an inactivated whole EHV-1 vaccine, which confirms the importance of gD in containing antibody epitopes and justifies its inclusion in sub-unit vaccines.…”

Section: Immunostimulating Complex-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…A good correlation between the amount of VN antibody prior to the challenge infection with EHV-1 and a reduction in the duration and amount of virus excretion has been observed. More recently, a similar vaccine composed of inactivated Sf9 insect cells infected by a recombinant baculovirus coding for EHV-1 gD and mixed with the adjuvant Iscomatrix™ was administered to ponies, pregnant mares and foals via the intramuscular route [131]. EHV-1 gD was shown to possess a neutralising epitope [132].…”

Section: Immunostimulating Complex-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Herpes Virus-1: Virus, Immunity and Vaccines

Paillot¹,

Case²,

Ross³

et al. 2008

TOVSJ

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Equine Herpes virus-1 (EHV-1) is one of the most common respiratory pathogens of the horse. EHV-1 induces several clinical signs of disease ranging in severity, from mild respiratory distress to abortion in pregnant mares, neonatal foal death and neuropathogenic disorders. This review details some aspects of EHV-1 biology, its life cycle and pathogenicity in the natural host. Protective immunity stimulated by natural EHV-1 infection, which is short lived and depends of both humoral and cellular immune responses, will also be treated here. Vaccination remains today one of the best options to fight EHV-1 infection and several different strategies of vaccination that have been investigated and developed over the past decades will be presented in this report.

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Serum antibody responses to equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D in horses, pregnant mares and young foals

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Lower serum IgA levels in horses kept under intensive sanitary management and physical training

Lower serum IgA levels in horses kept under intensive sanitary management and physical training

Intramuscular Immunization of Mice with the Live-Attenuated Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Vaccine Strain VC2 Expressing Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) Glycoprotein D Generates Anti-EHV-1 Immune Responses in Mice

Equine Herpes Virus-1: Virus, Immunity and Vaccines

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