Serum antibody responses of foals to virulence-associated 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens of Rhodococcus equi

Takaı̈, Shinji; Hidaka, Daisuke; Fujii, Meguru; Shindoh, Yousuke; Murata, Tomoaki; Nakanishi, Shingo; Sasaki, Yukako; Tsubaki, Shiro; Kamada, Masanobu

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(96)00042-9

Cited by 42 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Rhodococcus equi colonies were counted, and the number of viable organisms per gram of soil was calculated. Three to 10 colonies of R. equi per specimen were subcultured and examined for VapA by colony blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the monoclonal antibody 10G5 [18]. For colony blot analysis, bacterial strains were injected onto brain-heart-infusion agar plates with an inoculation needle and incubated at 38°C for 24 hr.…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equi Virulence Plasmids Recovered from Horses and Their Environment in Jeju, Korea: 90-kb Type II and a New Variant, 90-kb Type V

Takaı̈

Son

Lee

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from fecal and soil samples from four native Jeju horse farms and six Thoroughbred farms in Jeju, Korea. The isolates were examined for the presence of virulence-associated 15-17-kDa antigens (VapA) by colony blotting, using the monoclonal antibody 10G5, and for the gene encoding VapA by PCR. R. equi was isolated from all 36 soil samples collected from the 10 farms with between 5.0 × 10 2 and 7.5 × 10 4 colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of soil, and from 37 of 40 fecal samples with between 5.0 × 10 1 and 1.1 × 10 5 cfu per gram of feces. Virulent R. equi was isolated from seven farms and appeared in 2.0% of isolates (10 of 508). Of the 10 virulent isolates, four contained a 90-kb type II plasmid, which has been found in isolates from the Kiso native horses of Japan, and the other six contained a new variant, which did not display the EcoRI and EcoT22I digestion patterns of the 10 representative plasmids already reported (85-kb types I, II, III, and IV; 87-kb types I and II; 90-kb types I, II, III, and IV). We designated the new variant as the "90-kb type V" plasmid, because its EcoRI digestion pattern is similar to that of the 90-kb type II plasmid. This is the first report of the prevalence of virulent R. equi in Jeju, Korea. The same virulence plasmid type is found in both Korean and Japanese isolates, providing insight into the origin, ancestry, and dispersal of native horses in Korea and Japan.

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Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equi Virulence Plasmids Recovered from Horses and Their Environment in Jeju, Korea: 90-kb Type II and a New Variant, 90-kb Type V

Takaı̈

Son

Lee

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…When available, 2-10 colonies of R. equi per specimen were subcultured and examined for VapA by colony blot enzymelinked immunosorbent assay with Mab 10G5. 13 For colony blot analysis, bacterial strains were injected onto brain-heart infusion agar plates with an inoculation needle and incubated at 38 C for 24 hr. A sheet of nitrocellulose filter d (pore size, 0.45 m) was then placed on the cultures for a few minutes to wet them completely.…”

Section: Collection and Isolation Of R Equi From Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Virulent Rhodococcus Equi in Soil from Five R. Equi-Endemic Horse-Breeding Farms and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms of Virulence Plasmids in Isolates from Soil and Infected Foals in Texas

et al. 2001

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Abstract. Rhodococcus equi isolates (462) obtained from 64 soil samples collected on 5 R. equi-endemic horse-breeding farms and isolates from 100 infected foals in Texas were examined to determine the prevalence and genotypic diversity of virulence-associated plasmids. Isolates were tested for the presence of 15-17-kDa virulence-associated protein antigens (VapA) by immunoblotting and virulence-associated plasmids by PCR. Plasmid DNAs were isolated and analyzed by digestion with restriction endonucleases for estimation of size and comparison of polymorphisims. Rhodococcus equi were isolated from soil of all 5 farms; however, virulent R. equi were only isolated from 3 of the 5 farms and represented 18.8% (87 of 462) of total isolates. Of the 87 virulent soil isolates, 56 (64.5%) contained an 85-kb type I plasmid, 23 (26.4%) an 87-kb type I plasmid, 7 (8%) a newly defined 85-kb type III plasmid (Tx 43), and 1 (1.1%) a newly defined 85-kb type IV plasmid (Tx 47). Of the 100 isolates from infected foals, 96 were virulent. Of the 96 virulent isolates, 51 (53.1%) contained an 85-kb type I plasmid, 39 (40.6%) an 87-kb type I plasmid, 4 (4.2%) an 85-kb type III plasmid (Tx 43), and 2 (2.1%) an 85-kb type IV plasmid (Tx 47). There are at least 4 different R. equi virulenceassociated plasmids in Texas, 2 of which have not previously been described. Based upon virulence plasmid typing, there is geographic diversity among isolates of R. equi from clinical and environmental samples on horse-breeding farms in Texas. There is not a strong correlation between the presence of virulent R. equi in farm soils and the R. equi disease status of those farms.Rhodococcus equi is one of the most important bacterial pathogens of young foals. Infections caused by this organism are characterized by chronic, suppurative bronchopneumonia and enteritis associated with a high mortality rate. 1,7,18 It was previously reported that the 15-17-kDa virulence-associated protein antigens (VapA) of R. equi are associated with virulence in mice 15,19 and that the presence of an 85-or a 90-kb plasmid is essential for virulence and the expression of VapA. 10,14,[22][23][24] These virulence-associated antigens and virulence plasmids have been used as epidemiologic markers to identify virulent R. equi isolates from horses and their environment by Western blot (immunoblot) assay using a monoclonal antibody and plasmid profiles. 4,11,12,16,17,21 More recently, restriction enzyme digestion patterns of virulence plasmids in human and foal isolates from several countries were examined. 6,20 The digestion patterns divided the plasmids of virulent isolates into 5 closely related types. Three of the 5 types had already been reported in Canadian and Japanese isolates, 6 and 2 new types were identified in French and Japanese isolates. 9,20 These 5 types of plasmids were designated as 85-kb type I (p-REAT701), 85-kb type II (a new type), 87-kb type I (EcoRI and BamHI type 2), 6 87-kb type II (a new type), and 90-kb (pREL1). The 85-kb type I plasmid was found in isolat...

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“…Three to 10 colonies of R. equi per specimen were subcultured and examined for VapA and VapB by colony blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies. 8,18 For colony blot analysis, bacterial strains were injected onto brain-heart infusion agar plates with an inoculation needle and incubated at 38ЊC for 24 hr. A nitrocellulose filter (pore size 0.45 mm, BAS 85; Schleicher and Schuell, Dassel, Germany) was then placed over the cultures for a few minutes to wet them completely.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of virulence-associated antigens and plasmids in Rhodococcus equi from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and prevalence of virulent R. equi in soil collected from domestic animal farms in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Takaı̈

Tharavichitkul²,

Sasaki³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in soil collected from 17 domestic animal farms (from 12 cattle, 1 pig, and 4 horse farms) and in 6 clinical specimens from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, was investigated. The isolates were tested for the presence of 15-17-kDa antigens (VapA) and a 20-kDa antigen (VapB) by immunoblotting and for the presence of virulence plasmid DNA. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from most soil samples (68 of 80) obtained from the 17 farms, with 2.0 ϫ 10 2 to 6.0 ϫ 10 5 colony-forming units per gram of soil. We detected VapA in none of the 537 isolates from the soil samples. In one isolate from a pig farm, both VapB and virulence plasmid DNA were detected. Of the 6 clinical isolates from patients with AIDS, however, 4 isolates contained both VapB and virulence plasmid DNA. The remaining 2 isolates were avirulent.

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Serum antibody responses of foals to virulence-associated 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens of Rhodococcus equi

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Rhodococcus equi Virulence Plasmids Recovered from Horses and Their Environment in Jeju, Korea: 90-kb Type II and a New Variant, 90-kb Type V

Rhodococcus equi Virulence Plasmids Recovered from Horses and Their Environment in Jeju, Korea: 90-kb Type II and a New Variant, 90-kb Type V

Prevalence of Virulent Rhodococcus Equi in Soil from Five R. Equi-Endemic Horse-Breeding Farms and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms of Virulence Plasmids in Isolates from Soil and Infected Foals in Texas

Identification of virulence-associated antigens and plasmids in Rhodococcus equi from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and prevalence of virulent R. equi in soil collected from domestic animal farms in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

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